Biology 1002B Study Guide - Quiz Guide: Apoptosis, Guanylyl Cyclase, Tyrosine Kinase
Lipid Rafts
-Addition of receptor requires microdomains/lipid rafts.
-Microdomain/Lipid rafts: Areas richer w sphingolipids and cholesterol
-Sphingolipids: Long and saturated phospholipids
-Causes thicker area→ Able to fit receptors w long transmembrane domains
-Cholesterol: Maintains constant degree of fluidity in membrane.
-Counters decreasing fluidity caused by sphingolipids being linear and
compact
Receptor Activation
-Signal binding site: Binds ligands→ Causes Δconformational→ Activates cytoplasmic site
Relay and Amplification
-Second messengers: Interacts w receptor on cytoplasmic site to relay and amplify message
-A single receptor is able to interact w many second messengers
-Magnitude of message depends on:
-Length of interaction btwn receptor and ligand→ Longer=More nd messengers
recruited
-# of second messengers available
Transmembrane Proteins
1) Ligand-gated ion channel: Channels for facilitated diffusion
-Opens and closes when ligands are bound/unbound.
-Ions flowing through causes change in electrochemical gradient
-Creates membrane potential (Useful for neurotransmitters)
-Affects permeability of membrane to other compounds (i.e. messengers)
-Ca2+ entering→ )ntracellular response needed to maintain [Ca2+]
-Example: Cholinergic Receptors
-Mitochondria produces Acetyl CoA
-Enzyme take Acetyl CoA, CoA and Choline to form Acetylcholine
-Acetylcholine: Neurotransmitter (Excitatory/Inhibitory depending on cell and
receptor)
-Can bind to 2 types of receptors: Ligand gated ion channels/GCPR
*Is special type of amine
-When binding to Ligand gated ion channels:
-Channels contains 5 subunits w  binding sites→ Requires  acetylcholines
-Binding sites filled→Δconformational→ Pore opens→ )ons pass through
-Na+ and Ca2+ in, Small # of K+ out
-Causes Δ electrochem gradient→ ΔMembrane potential
-Ca2+ binds to vesicles containing acetylcholine
-Releases acetylcholine out of cell via exocytosis
-Acetylcholine travels to muscle cell:
-Binds to ligand gated ion channel to open channel
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Document Summary
Counters decreasing fluidity caused by sphingolipids being linear and compact. Microdomain/lipid rafts: areas richer w sphingolipids and cholesterol. Cholesterol: maintains constant degree of fluidity in membrane. Causes thicker area able to fit receptors w long transmembrane domains. Signal binding site: binds ligands causes conformational activates cytoplasmic site. Length of interaction btwn receptor and ligand longer=more (cid:884)nd messengers. Second messengers: interacts w receptor on cytoplasmic site to relay and amplify message. A single receptor is able to interact w many second messengers. Transmembrane proteins: ligand-gated ion channel: channels for facilitated diffusion. Ions flowing through causes change in electrochemical gradient. Affects permeability of membrane to other compounds (i. e. messengers) Ca2+ entering )ntracellular response needed to maintain [ca2+] Enzyme take acetyl coa, coa and choline to form acetylcholine. Acetylcholine: neurotransmitter (excitatory/inhibitory depending on cell and receptor) Can bind to 2 types of receptors: ligand gated ion channels/gcpr. Channels contains 5 subunits w (cid:884) binding sites requires (cid:884) acetylcholines.
