Biology 1002B Study Guide - Quiz Guide: Archaea, Cyanobacteria, Mitochondrion
Organelles
-Subcellular compartments: Within cytosol, surrounded by membrane
-Exception: Ribosome, does not have membrane
*Cytoskeleton is not an organelle
-Function varies depending on cell’s role
Ribosomes
-Synthesize proteins by translation of mRNA
-Composed of 2 subunits (large/small) of rRNA and proteins
-Different organisms have different ribosomal structure
-Similarities in rRNA structures are used to determine relatedness of species
-Found in cytosol/embedded on rough ER/embedded on nuclear membrane
-Different functions at different locations
Nucleus
-Where genetic info is conserved and protected (about 106-109 base pairs)
-Enveloped in double membrane: Protects the DNA.
-Porous with nuclear pore complex for RNA to leave and selectively allow materials to
enter
-Cytosolic ribosomes produce proteins to enter nucleus to produce more ribosomes.
-Small transcription factors: Enters nucleus, attach to DNA and start transcription
-Nucleolus: Small area within nucleus where ribosomes are produced
-Histone proteins associates with DNA (like beads on a string)
-Wraps DNA together and condense into chromosomes.
-During cell division: Chromosomes unravel
Endoplasmic Reticulum (Smooth/Rough)
-Network of cisternae: Continuous membrane projecting away from nucleus.
-Cisternae: Inner membrane compartment.
-Rough ER: Studded with ribosomes.
-Receives proteins produced by ribosomes
-Soluble proteins move through cisternae to end of ER to golgi.
-Responsible for post-translational modifications as protein moves through
cisternae
-Smooth ER: Does not have ribosomes.
-Produces lipids for cell membrane and hormones
-Detoxifies cells
Lysosomes
-Digestive unit of the cell (recycles components)
-pH in lysosome is more acidic than cytosol
-Has enzymes to break down macromolecules
-Created from and buds out of golgi
Golgi Complex
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Document Summary
Composed of 2 subunits (large/small) of rrna and proteins. Similarities in rrna structures are used to determine relatedness of species. Found in cytosol/embedded on rough er/embedded on nuclear membrane. Where genetic info is conserved and protected (about 106-109 base pairs) Porous with nuclear pore complex for rna to leave and selectively allow materials to enter. Cytosolic ribosomes produce proteins to enter nucleus to produce more ribosomes. Small transcription factors: enters nucleus, attach to dna and start transcription. Nucleolus: small area within nucleus where ribosomes are produced. Histone proteins associates with dna (like beads on a string) Network of cisternae: continuous membrane projecting away from nucleus. Soluble proteins move through cisternae to end of er to golgi. Responsible for post-translational modifications as protein moves through cisternae. Ph in lysosome is more acidic than cytosol. Packages completed proteins into vesicles and sent to destination. Stacked membrane (not connected) with cis and trans face. Proteins are completed within the complex by chemical modifications.
