Biology 2601A/B Final: Post-Midterm-II-Material-17-22

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ultramarinecrab393

20 Dec 2017

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Post-midterm ii material: osmoregulation 1: fish osmoregulation, osmoregulation 2: terrestrial water balance, endocrine regulation, neural regulation, plant movement (plants, muscles and movement (animals) Osmoregulation 1: fish osmoregulation (cid:862)wate(cid:396) balance in aquatic animals(cid:863) Interstitial fluids fluids between cells (mostly water, some blood plasma) Inorganic ions (na+, k+, cl-: provide electrical charge across membranes, organic solutes (amino acids, glucose, urea, proteins. Ionic and osmotic properties are important: have properties beyond biological function they serve. Cells regulate volume by altering concentrations of organic solutes (eg. amino acids) rather than ions. Cell sizes change by tonicity, specifically osmoticity: change in tonicity change in cell size cells adjust by changing solute content. Cells compensate by changing internal solute content. If cell gets too small, crowding occurs (organelles and all that) Cell swells too much they burst (but not plant cell, they have cell wall) If a normal cell is (cid:373)o(cid:448)ed to a(cid:374) e(cid:374)(cid:448)i(cid:396)o(cid:374)(cid:373)e(cid:374)t that is .

Related Questions

For the following organisms tell if it is:

-Native or Exotic Species

-Opportunistic or equilibrium species or neither

1. Snake

2. Gecko

3. Lizard

4. Tiger Beetle

5. Long Horned Beetle

6. Caterpillar

7. Grey Horned Billow

8. Green Pigeon

9. Unspecified Bird

10. Monkey

11. Elephant

12. Giraffe

13. Human

14. Fruit Bat

15. Parasitic Wasp

16. Bandit Wasp

17. Nematode

18. Fruit Fly

19. Vinegar Fly

20. Ant

21. Hilda Bug Nymphs

22. Cicada

23. Bees

24. Spider

25. Fish

26. Crocodile

27. Catfish

28. Deer

â29. Green Prey Mantis

13.Which of the following toxins is âborrowedâ by Monarch Butterflies from milkweed to defend themselves from their predators like birds?

Cocaine

Anthocyanin

Salicylic acid

Cardiac glycoside

Morphine

14.Codeine is most likely to be a _________.

Alkaloid

Di-terpenoid

Sesqui-terpeniod

Tri-terpenoids

Phenolic

15.Which of the followings is likely to contain the most anthocyanins?

Red tomato

White potato

Green asparagus

Orange carrot

Blueberry

16.Which of the following is not a secondary metabolite?

Steroid

Caffeine

Nicotine

Flavonoid

Lignin

17. What do I mean when I say âPlants are smartâ in the class?

Plants know how to run from their enemies

Plants know how to use the light energy

Plants know how to use chemicals to âtrickâ animals

Plants know how to do photosynthesis

Plants know how to absorb water and nutrients

18. A _____ tree was used as an example in the class to explain the SAR (Systemic Acquired Resistance)?

Pine

Oak

Apple

Willow

Poplar

19. According to the video, there are approximately _____ types of terpenoids found in plants.

Hundreds

Thousands

Tens of thousands

Hundreds of thousands

Millions

20. Which of the following groups give plants a variety of colors?

Alkaloids

Terpenoids

Phenolics

21. According to the video, pine resins are rich in __________.

Alkaloids

Terpenoids

Phenolics

22. Every single cell in a plant contains some types of secondary metabolites.

True

False

23. Some of the __________ are antioxidants.

Alkaloids

Terpenoids

Anthocyanins

All of these

24. Some of the _________ we discussed in the class are psycho-active.

Alkaloids

Terpenoids

Phenolics

All of these

25. Which of the following is a polymer of isoprene?

Lignin

Rubber

Tannin

Salicylic acid

The chordates share several features which have played asignificant role in the evolution of the phylum. Check all of thefeatures that one would use to exclusively classify members ofChordata and not members of Echinodermata.

a postanal tail during embryonicdevelopment

pharyngeal pouches during embryonicdevelopment

an endoskeleton

a notochord on the dorsal side ofthe gut in the early embryo

deuterostomic development of theembryo

a hollow nerve cord

A number of major evolutionary innovations arose in the fishlineage. Check all of the evolutionary innovations associated withthe fishes.

Teeth arose from the rough scalesof ancestral sharks.

Skeletal developments leading tothe amphibian movement onto land probably evolved from lobe-finnedfishes.

Fish fins are ancestral(homologous) structures to the flippers (forelimbs) ofturtles.

The anterior gill arch formed thebasis for the evolution of the vertebrate jaw.

The swim bladder ultimately led to the evolution of theamphibian urinary bladder.

Select the true statements concerning echinoderms.

They have an exoskeleton made ofhardened calcium carbonate plates.

Echinoderms have radiallysymmetrical larvae that give rise to bilaterally symmetricaladults.

Tube feet are used for locomotionand grasping objects.

Echinoderms are well represented inthe fossil record.

The blastopore of a sea star becomes its anus.

11.

A leafy sea dragon (Phycodurus eques) stays in a fixedposition in the water column as a tourist walks by the display inan aquarium. How is this possible?

The fish counteracts its negativebuoyancy by using its fins.

The fish is essentially hold itsbreath while remaining motionless.

The fish gulps air.

The fish has an operculum and a swim bladder.

15.

The biggest threat to terrestrial life when compared to anaquatic one is

availability of food.

lack of oxygen.

desiccation.

finding mates.

16.

A biologist looking for synapomorphic traits for chordates wouldchoose

segmentation.

possession of a backbone.

possession of an endoskeleton.

indeterminate radial cleavage inthe early embryo.

pharyngeal slits or pouches.

17.

Cartilage and bone contributed to increased size in vertebrates.Evaluate the following statements about these endoskeletal tissuesand determine if they are true or false.

1. A key element of vertebrate bone is a series of dermal ossiclesmade out of calcium carbonate. TrueFalse
2. Bone also contains crystals of a calcium phosphatesalt. TrueFalse
3. Cartilage contains fibers of the proteincollagen. TrueFalse
4. Vertebrate muscles work against bone to provide extraordinarypowers of locomotion. TrueFalse
5. Compared to chitin, bone is much less dynamic and morebrittle. TrueFalse

19.

The breast meat in the bucket of delicious fried chicken isresponsible for

running.

20.

Whales have truly large body sizes. The only invertebrates thatattain body sizes much larger than humans are giant squids. Whatfeature do whales and giant squids share that allow them to attainsuch large sizes?

	Endothermy
	Large brains
	Highly efficient gills
	Internal skeletons

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Biology 2601A/B Final: Post-Midterm-II-Material-17-22

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