Chemistry 2213A/B- Midterm Exam Guide - Comprehensive Notes for the exam ( 14 pages long!)
6 Oct 2017
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Chapter 1 covalent bonding and shapes of molecules. Na: [(cid:1840)(cid:1857)](cid:885)(cid:1871)(cid:2869: electrons in the outermost shell (valence) are the ones involved in chemical reactions. Lewis structures give the symbol of an element surrounded by a number of dots equal to the number of electrons in the valence shell of an atom. Lewis model of bonding: octet rule the tendency among atoms of group 1a-7a elements to react in ways that achieve an outer shell of eight valence electrons. In gaining electrons, an atom becomes a negatively charged ion called an anion. Increases from left to right due to increasing positive charge on nucleus. Polar and non-polar molecules: a molecule will be polar if: It has polar bonds and: the vector sum of its bond dipoles is not zero. If the vector sum of its bond dipoles is zero, then the molecule is non-polar. Newman projections view molecule along the axis of a. If they are on opposite sides, they are trans.
