Computer Science 1011A/B Study Guide - Summer 2018, Comprehensive Midterm Notes - File Transfer Protocol, Web Server, Vacuum
12 Oct 2018
School
Department
Course
Professor
Computer Science
1011A/B
MIDTERM EXAM
STUDY GUIDE
Fall 2018
COMP SCI 1011 LECTURE 1
Monday September 10, 2018
-this course is about the internet
-the only thing a computer knows is on and off as a sequence
-all computers are connected together -share on and offs from one to another
-talking about how they do this and what the internet really is
-the internet: computers connected for communication
what we will be talking about
-how it operates, what it means to be connected, what does it mean to communicate
-the internet Is nothing more than a file transferring mechanism (a mechanism for transferring
these ons and offs)
-what makes up the internet? -different parts: WWW, email, deep web (anything not easily
found, not easily searchable i.e. our assignments you need URL not sinister), dark net (sinister)
-do this usig a joualisti appoah stoies used to hae 5 s this ouse ill do that
-the sequences of on and off, there is a BOF (beginning of file) and EOF (end of file), this is what
we know as a file -how they are stored/used -the correct usage of them
an exploration and description of a global communication mechanism
-a practical view (tools and processes)
-a theoretical view (definitions – history)
Part One: A – Computers
-there has always been a need to calculate & a desie to do ette the est ay to alulate
-as akids koledge ieased so did the eed fo alulatios i.e. aigatio, sta
movements – stars moved in a retrograde fashion, actuarial tables, insurance – life expectancy)
-in the past, calculations were done by hand, the more we know the more we had to calculate
-we always say there has to be a better way to calculate – we usually find one
-better and better methods have always been employed to make calculations:
-easier -more accurate
-started with:
-logarithmic tables -trigonometrical tables (looking up the answer)
-then: Napier Bones (1617) a manually-operated calculating device created by John Napier of
Merchiston for calculation of products and quotients of numbers
*know Napier Bones and know 17th century
-a mechanical calculation to multiply numbers quickly without doing it the long way -a step up
from the long form of multiplication -easier and more accurate
-the goal is increment steps to bettering calculations
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
-mid 19th century early calculating devices
Charles Baages Calulating Engines (1860s)
-difference engine ---was abandoned hallway through for -analytical engine
-It was until 7 years ago that someone got this to work by adding instructions
-Ada Byron -Countess of Lovelace (1815-1852) first one to come up with instructions/first
programmer -first programmer was a women
1940s
-there were other advancements (telegraphy, telephone, wireless technology (radio))
---all this tech was all in place before computers
-but we will come back to them as they become more relevant to our story
-suddenly there was an exponential growth in the need to calculate (this was due to WW2)
-ex. canons/trajectories: calculating the location that the canon will land exactly to the degree
a book that comes with every canon that explains approx. where the canon will go
based on where the canon is raised and to what degree (need to calculate)
ex. weather ballistics (which weather to expect – for the war), code breaking (read enemies
code)
-in the 1930s, the number reason to replace a computer was pregnancy
-at this point, a computer was a job type – human calculators: these people were known as
computers -most computers were women (exacting, calculating, accuracy)
-when they became pregnant, people would quit to raise families -so pregnancy was the
number one reason at that point for needing more computers
-5 people working to find the most accurate answer: 3 out of 5 go with that answer
-this was time intensive: 5 people finding one answer
-need more ways to make it easier and more accurate
-calculator: the term first used in 1613, defined as: a person who makes calculations, a reckoner
-*what is alulating? -the manipulation of quantity
-hat is uei epesetatios of uatity? a ay of epesetig uatity
a different way of representing quantity -the quantity does not change but the way we write it
is
decimal: 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9(repeat) we use the base 10 symbols we have, once we get to the
end we repeat
binary numbers -nothing more than representing quantity like roman numerals or decimal, just
a different base way of doing so
one (1) and zero (0)
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
The only thing a computer knows is on and off as a sequence. All computers are connected together -share on and offs from one to another. Talking about how they do this and what the internet really is. The internet: computers connected for communication what we will be talking about. How it operates, what it means to be connected, what does it mean to communicate. The internet is nothing more than a file transferring mechanism (a mechanism for transferring these ons and offs) Different parts: www, email, deep web (anything not easily found, not easily searchable i. e. our assignments you need url not sinister), dark net (sinister) Do this usi(cid:374)g a jou(cid:396)(cid:374)alisti(cid:272) app(cid:396)oa(cid:272)h (cid:894)sto(cid:396)ies used to ha(cid:448)e 5 (cid:449)(cid:859)s(cid:895) this (cid:272)ou(cid:396)se (cid:449)ill do that. There has always been a need to calculate & a desi(cid:396)e to do (cid:862)(cid:271)ette(cid:396)(cid:863) (cid:894)the (cid:271)est (cid:449)ay to (cid:272)al(cid:272)ulate(cid:895)
