Geography 2060A/B Midterm: 2060 Miterm notes
26 Apr 2018
School
Department
Course
Professor
Lecture One
Introduction
- Chagig fae of orld’s largest
- Percentage of urban residents skyrocketed
- Urbanization presents itself differently in time and place
- Urbanization does not equal economic growth
- Problems persist everywhere
The World Urban System
- The world is an urban place
- Urban growth is slowing overall
- Rural areas will start declining soon
Megacities
- Booming megacities are not found in North America
- Most urban growth is occurring in less developed regions
- Growth is not necessarily in large city regions
Prosperity
- Urban development does not always keep pace with economic growth BUT rural stagnation almost
always equates with poverty
Concepts
Urbanism
- The new way of life, attitudes, and values and patterns of behaviour fostered by cities (hence
urbanity)
- Urbanization brings new way of living and behaving
- Wirth (1938): way of life changes due to increased urbanization
o Number of people
o Physical density of living
o Heterogeneity of population
Urbanization
- The process whereby a society is transformed from rural to urban in character
- The relative concentration of population in towns and cities
- Urbanization is different from urban growth
Urban Place
- Classified by national politics
- Example; what defines an urban place in Canada?
o Minimum population of 1,000
o Population density of at least 400 people per square km
o Defined by a social and economic integration, spatial continuity, and if large enough,
subdivided into CTs
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
o If urbanized core attains 100,000 it becomes a CMA
City
- Political designation
- Necessary for governance, city management
Megacity
- World cities are often megacities
- Megaities are’t alas orld ities
Urban Area
- The built-up area that is osidered ura, regardless of politial lassifiatio
Conurbation
- Agglomeration of many towns and cities
Megalopolis
- Coalescing of urban areas at a regional scale
- Can include non-urban areas
Metropolis/Metro Area
- The surrounding area around a large city
- Includes adjacent rural areas
Site and situation
- Site – the physical characteristics of the place
- Situation – relative location of a city, connectedness with other places
Urban Landscapes
- A cultural idea
- Refers to the urban world created by humans
Capital City
- Seats of political power
- Self-selection
- Monumentality
Preindustrial City
- Cities founded prior to industrialization
- Characteristically different from modern cities
- Reflected different needs of residents/rulers
Industrial City
- Economy based on manufacturing
- New contributions to urban forms include factories, railroads
- Driven by economic growth
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Preindustrial City
- Another shift in nature of work
- Reflected in changes to urban form abandonment
- Gentrification, privatization, entrepreneurial cities
Primate City
- Primates are considerably larger than the next largest city
- Defined by size and function
Rank-Size Rule
- A way to understand hierarchy
- Largest is twice the size of the 2nd largest
- Fifth largest is 1/5th the size of the largest
Colonial City
- Export economies
- Urban form reflects mixed heritage
- Either build new or graft on to existing cities
Socialist City
- Reflects political ideals of communism
- Central planning rigid urban form
Post-Socialist City
- Fusion of socialist and capitalist urban forms
- Three growth trends driving change in these cities
o Form, function, and spatial structures
Net Town
- Meant to relieve overcrowding, control sprawl
Green Cities
- Lessen impacts of fossil fuels
- But are’t ities iheretl ad for the eiroet?
World Urbanization
Past Trends
- What has been the broad pattern of urbanization throughout history?
Early Urbanization
- Limits to concentrating people
o Transportation
o Building technologies
o Warfare
o E
- Early cities grew up from favourable sites
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Urbanization presents itself differently in time and place. Booming megacities are not found in north america. Most urban growth is occurring in less developed regions. Growth is not necessarily in large city regions. Urban development does not always keep pace with economic growth but rural stagnation almost always equates with poverty. The new way of life, attitudes, and values and patterns of behaviour fostered by cities (hence urbanity) Urbanization brings new way of living and behaving. Wirth (1938): way of life changes due to increased urbanization: number of people, physical density of living, heterogeneity of population. The process whereby a society is transformed from rural to urban in character. The relative concentration of population in towns and cities. Example; what defines an urban place in canada: minimum population of 1,000, population density of at least 400 people per square km, defined by a social and economic integration, spatial continuity, and if large enough, subdivided into cts.
