Geography 2310A/B Study Guide - Pressure-Gradient Force, Ideal Gas Law, Pressure Gradient

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26 Nov 2014

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Ideal gas law: a scientific law that provides the relationship between the pressure, temperature, and volume ( or density) of a gas. Ideal gas: ideal gas a gas in which there are no attractive forces between molecules. Virtual temperature: the temperature used in the ideal gas law to account for the fact that moist air is less dense than dry air. Warm air is less dense than cold air. The force of gravity pulling downward balances the pressure gradient force pushing upward. Hydrostatic equation:shows that the change in pressure with height in a fluid is directly proportional to the fluid"s density. Because the density of the atmosphere decreases with height, the rate of change of pressure with height is not constant; it decreases quickly at first, then more slowly. In addition, because cold air is denser than warm air, pressure decreases more quickly with height in cold air than in warm air.

Related Questions

Briefly answer the following:

(a) If someone says that temperature is howhot or cold it feels, would you agree?

(b) If heat energy is transferred from room A toroom B, can you automatically conclude that A must have a highertemperature than B?

(d) Two gases are at the same temperature andpressure. Do they have the same internal energy and particle speed?(Be careful what you assume.)

(e) On a cold day you could rub your hands togetherto warm them up a bit. What is transferred to the hands, heat orwork?

(f) Why is it necessary todistinguish heat capacity for constant volume or constantpressure?

(g) When a gas expands isothermally underconstant pressure, how does the enthalpy change?

(h) If the speed of gas particles decreases, howdoes the mean free path change? Mean collision time?

(i) If the gas particle density isdoubled, how does it affect thermal conductivity?

A hydraulic has two pistons. Piston 1 has a radius of 0.7 cm andpiston 2 has a radius of 2.5 cm.

a.) Determine the area of piston 1.
___________cm2

b.) Determine the area of piston 2.
____________ cm2

c.) Determine the theoretical mechanical advantage (TMA) of thehydraulic.
___________________

d.) What does Pascal's Principle say?

1.The total amount of volume remains constant.

2.The pressure applied to an enclosed fluid is transmittedundiminished throughout the fluid and to the walls of thecontainer.

3.Fluid tends to flow faster where the pressure is lower.

4.The force per unit area.

5.The amount of fluid displaced by an object is equal to the volumethat has been submerged in the fluid.

6.The buoyant force on an object wholly or partially submerged in afluid is equal to the weight of the fluid it displaces.

e.) A pressure of 130 Pa is applied at piston 1. As a result, howmuch pressure will be exerted at piston 2?
________________Pa

f.) For a hydraulic, why does the actual mechanical advantage (AMA)tend to be less than the TMA?

1.Because of friction between the pistons and the walls of thehydraulic.

2.Because liquid is compressible.

3.Because of air drag.

4.Because it's impossible to deliver electricity at a constant rateto the hydraulic.
.
g.) What can be done to make the AMA closer to the the TMA?

1.Use superconductors.

2.Use a gas instead of a liquid.

3.Use a lubricant.

4.Make it more aerodynamic.
.

Geography 2310A/B Study Guide - Pressure-Gradient Force, Ideal Gas Law, Pressure Gradient

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