Health Sciences 2300A/B Study Guide - Final Guide: Hypothenar Eminence, Axillary Nerve, Thenar Eminence
28 Jun 2018
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Muscles and Nerves of the Upper Limbs – Exam Study Guide
What are the transitional areas of the upper limb? What is their main purpose?
1. Axilla
2. Cubital Fossa
3. Carpal tunnel
What is the main function of axioappendicular muscles?
- Anchor pectoral girdle to axial skeleton
- Anterior muscles mostly protract and stabilize scapula
- Posterior muscles mostly retract, rotate, and stabilize scapula
Fill in the following chart about the anterior view of the axioappendicular muscles.
Name Location Origin Insertion Action Innervation
Subclavius Deep - 1st rib - Inferior
surface of
middle third
of clavicle
- Anchors
and
depresses the
clavicle
- Subclavian
nerve
Pectoralis
Major
Superficial - Clavicular
head
Medial half
of clavicle
-
Sternocostal
head 1st –
6th costal
cartilages
- Lateral lip
of bicipital
groove of
humerus
- Adducts,
medially
rotates, and
flexes the
arm
- Lateral and
medial
pectoral
nerves
Pectoralis Deep - 3rd – 5th rib - Coracoid - Draws - Medial
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Minor process scapula
inferiorly
and
anteriorly to
stabilize
pectoral
nerve
Serratus
Anterior
Deep - 1st – 8th rib - Anterior
surface of
medial
border of
scapula
- Protracts
and holds
scapula on
thoracic wall
- Long
thoracic
nerve
Fill in the following chart about posterior view of axioappendicular muscles.
Name Location Origin Insertion Action Innervation
Trapezius Superficial - External
occipital
protuberance
- Nuchal
Ligament
- Spinous
Process (C7
– T12)
- Lateral 1/3
clavicle
- Acromion
- Spine of
Scapula
- Superior
Elevation of
scapula
- Middle
Retraction of
scapula
- Inferior
Depression
of Scapula
- Superior &
Inferior
Rotation of
scapula
(rotate
glenoid
superiorly)
- Spinal
Accessory
Nerve (CN
XI)
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Levator
Scapulae
Deep - Transverse
process of
C1-C4
- Medial
border of
scapula
- Superior to
root of
scapular spine
- Elevates
scapulae
- Inferior
rotation of
glenoid
- Dorsal
scapular
nerve
Rhomboid
Minor
Deep Spinous
process of
C7-T1
- Medial
border of
scapula at the
root of
scapular spine
- Retracts
scapula
- Inferior
rotation of
glenoid
- Fixes
scapula to
thoracic wall
- Dorsal
scapular
nerve
Rhomboid
Major
Deep Spinous
process of
T2-T5
- Medial
border of
scapula
inferior to
scapular spine
- Retracts
scapula
- Inferior
rotation of
glenoid
- Fixes
scapula to
thoracic wall
- Dorsal
scapular
nerve
Latissimus
Dorsi
Superficial - Spinous
process of
T12 – T6
- Thoracolu-
mbar fascia
- Ribs 8-12
- Floor of
biceptal
groove of
humerus
- Extends,
adducts, and
medially
rotates arm
- Thoraco-
dorsal
What is a winged scapula?
Occurs during protraction – when scapula rises off the rib cage. Serratus anterior or the nerve
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Document Summary
Muscles and nerves of the upper limbs exam study guide. What is their main purpose: axilla, cubital fossa, carpal tunnel. Anterior muscles mostly protract and stabilize scapula. Posterior muscles mostly retract, rotate, and stabilize scapula. Fill in the following chart about the anterior view of the axioappendicular muscles. Inferior surface of middle third of clavicle. Lateral lip of bicipital groove of humerus. Adducts, medially rotates, and flexes the arm. Anterior surface of medial border of scapula scapula inferiorly and anteriorly to stabilize. Protracts and holds scapula on thoracic wall pectoral nerve. Fill in the following chart about posterior view of axioappendicular muscles. Medial border of scapula at the root of scapular spine. Medial border of scapula inferior to scapular spine. Occurs during protraction when scapula rises off the rib cage. Serratus anterior or the nerve (long thoracic) that supplies the muscle is damaged and doesn"t hold the scapula to the rib cage.
