Kinesiology 2222A/B Study Guide - Fall 2018, Comprehensive Midterm Notes - Posterior Cranial Fossa, Muscle, Clavicle
12 Oct 2018
School
Department
Course
Professor
Kinesiology 2222A/B
MIDTERM EXAM
STUDY GUIDE
Fall 2018
Introduction to Anatomy
• Anatomy = cutting apart the body for study
• Anatomical position – unless otherwise stated, this is what all terminology is in reference
to
o Standing erect, palms and feet face forward
o Right and left are in reference to the person (their left and right)
• Supine/Prone – similar to anatomical but palms face opposite
feet, and head is tilted to the side
• Midsagittal plane – left and right
• Frontal plane/ coronal plane – front and back (anterior and
posterior)
• Transverse plane – top and bottom
• Superior – higher up on the body
• Inferior – lower down
• Medial – closer to the midline
• Lateral – further away from the midline
• Proximal – closer to the trunk
• Distal – further away from the trunk
• Anterior(ventral) – more towards the front
• Posterior(dorsal) – more towards the back
• Ipsilateral – same side of the body
• Contralateral – opposite side of the body
• Superficial – closer the the surface
• Deep – further from the surface
• Flexion – decreasing the angle between body parts
• Extension – increasing the angle between body parts
• Abduction – moving a body part away from the midline (abduct a child is to take it away)
• Adduct – moving a body part towards the midline (add as in to add towards)
• Circumduction = combination
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• Medial rotation – towards the midline
• Lateral rotation (external) – away from the midline
• Retraction – drawing together(bottom phase of a pushup)
• Protraction – pulling around (top phase of a pushup)
• Supination – palm faces anterior or up (you can hold a bowl of soup in your hand)
• Pronation – palm faces posteriorly
• Dorsiflexion – pulling toes up towards chin
• Plantarflexion – point your toes
• Inversion – tilting the sole of your foot in
• Eversion – tilting the sole of your foot out
• Macroscopic or gross anatomy can be divided in to regional and systemic
• Histology – study of tissue and cells
• Developmental embryology – study of different phases of human embryo and fetus
development
• Body cavities – protect vital organs
o 2 types dorsal and ventral
▪ dorsal contains the cranial (holds brain) and the vertebral (holds spinal
cord)
▪ ventral contains thoracic (holds heart and lungs) abdominal (holds
diaphragm, and separates thoracic and pelvic) and pelvic cavity
▪ cavities with vital organs are encased in bone i.e. thoracic and cranial
• body compartments are separated by joints and fascia (connective tissue)
o share a developmental origin function and innervation
o e.g. the thigh has 3 compartments the anterior, medial, and posterior
• tissues are formed by groups of cells that all have a similar structure, all of the cells
perform a common or related function
o epithelial tissue – covers by forming boundaries between different
environments, protects, secretes, absorbs, filters
▪ lining of digestive tract organs, and other hollow organs
▪ skin surface
▪ can be divided into 2 classifications shape and number of layers
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