Microbiology and Immunology 2500A/B Study Guide - Midterm Guide: Gastroenteritis, Infection, Capillary Action

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Microimm 2500a - fall 2018 | 3 of 21 1. 1 the immune system ourimmunesystemhastwocentralroles:(1) recognizeandeliminatepathogens ,and(2) woundrepair . themainimmune componentsare:(1) cells :tissuecells,leukocytes(wbc),phagocytesandlymphocytes;(2) proteins :cytokines,acutephase proteins (ex. complement), antibodies. Components & formation of blood thereare3componentstoblood:plasma(55%),wbc&platelets,andrbc(45%). plasmareplacesproteinslike antibodiesandclottingfactorscalledhemophilia. rbc(erythrocytes)transportoxygenandnutrientsandisusedtotreat anemia. wbcenhanceimmunitywhileplateletsenhanceclotting. bloodisproducedby hematopoieticstemcellsin thebonemarrow. thesemultipotentstemcellsdifferentiateinto(1) myeloidprogenitorcellsthatform phagocytes , and (2) lymphoid progenitor cells that form lymphocytes . 4 erythrocyte & leukocyte formation types of immunity ourbodyhastwotypesofimmunesystems:(1) innateand(2) adaptive (developedage~1). athirdtypeofimmunity, passiveimmunityis externally"acquired. inabloodtransfusionrecipient,donorantibodies(abs)( immunoglobulin therapy )canprovideimmediateshort-termimmunity(<1year). Artificialabsareusedtotreat rabies , rubella(german measles)and venomtoxicity. innewborns, maternalabsaretransferredfrom(1) placentatofetus(includesantibodies from vaccines and past exposure), and (2) breast milk to newborn . 3. difference between extracellular and intracellular pathogens innateimmunity(ii)isthebody"sfirstlineofdefenseagainstinfection. everyoneisbornwithitsodeficienciesare rare. duetoitsimmediateresponse(initiateduponcontactwithpathogen),patientsare asymptomaticandpathogenis eliminatedwithin0-12hours . iiis non-adaptive andnon-specific itproducesthesameimmuneresponsetopathogensofthe samemolecularclass(nomemory). manyofthemoleculesinvolvedininnateimmunityhavethepropertyof pattern recognition :theabilitytorecognizeagivenclassofmolecules. becausetherearecertaintypesofmoleculesthatare uniquetomicrobesandneverfoundinmulticellularorganisms,theabilitytoimmediatelyrecognizeandcombatinvaders displaying such molecules is a strong feature of innate immunity. Disease resistant components: 1. barriers (block entry) 2. innate cells (rapidly eliminate tissue-entering pathogens). Modes of pathogen entry: 1. mouth (most popular) 2. respiratory (most popular) 3. skin wound 4. reproductive tract 2. 1 barriers there are 4 barriers that prevent pathogen entry: (1) physical, (2) mechanical, (3) chemical, and (4) microbiological.

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