Philosophy 2700F/G Study Guide - Quiz Guide: Modus Tollens, Rein, Modus Ponens
26 Oct 2018
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Four stages in an ideal scientific inquiry: observation and recording of all facts, analysis and classification of these facts, inductive derivation of generalizations, further testing of generalizations. What is relevant depends on hypothesis, not the problem. Tentative hypotheses are needed to give direction to a scientific investigation. Stage 2: analyzing and classifying empirical findings meant to lead to an explanation of the phenomena concerned: must be based on hypotheses about how those phenomena are connected. Scientific hypotheses and theories are not derived from observed facts but invented in order to account for them. Remark concerning objectivity: in endeavor to find a solution, scientist may give free rein to imagination, but objectivity is safeguarded by the fact that they are proposed only accepted if experiments. Scientific inquiry is inductive in a wider sense: involves acceptance of hypotheses on the basis of data that afford no deductively conclusive evidence for it. Rules of induction: criteria for the soundness of the argument.
