Psychology 1000 Study Guide - Final Guide: Orbitofrontal Cortex, Insular Cortex, Frontal Lobe
2 Oct 2016
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Chapter 14
Stressed by success
Whether success makes someone feel better or anxious, or whether they act to improve
a bad mood depends on their self esteem
People low in self esteem do not enjoy successes the way people with high self esteem
do
Generates self-doubt and anxiety, self esteem did not improve with positive feedback
Positive life events associated with more illness
They also were less likely to express desire to improve their mood after a failure (even if
they know what to do – ex. watch a comedy)
Focus on neuroscience
The Neuroscience of the Big Five
-5 factor model labels personality aspects but does not explain them
-Found negative correlation between neuroticism scores and left insular cortex activity
(area deep in the temporal lobe) and the left superior temporal gyrus (top border)
-Positive correlation b/w extraversion and right and left orbitofrontal cortex activity of
the frontal cortex and along the medial (middle) part of the orbitofrontal cortex
-Therefore: neuroticism correlates with the temporal lobe and extraversion correlates
within a specific region of the frontal cortex
-Insular cortex related to PTSD and some phobias
-The dorsolateral prefrontal cortex is associated with openness (prefrontal cortex is
involved with higher cognitive functions and motivation)
-Dorosolateral prefrontal cortex associated with intelligence, considering strategies and
dealing with novelty and complex information
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Research Foundations
Albert Bandura, Human Agency and the Social Cognitive Perspective
-Looked at kids playing a bowling game that later rewarded themselves with candy after
watching an adult model
-If their model had high performance standards only rewarded themselves for similarly
high performance
-If they watched a model with lower criterion for self-reward reinforced themselves for
lower performance
-Adopted a criterion they had observed and applied it to their behaviour, even if it meant
less candy
-Acts in accordance to human agency
Increasing self-efficacy through systematic goal setting
1. Set specific, behavioural and measurable goals (narrow goals are more effective)
a. People improved the most when given specific improvement goals and
performance feedback
2. Set performance (what one has to do) goals, not outcome (getting an A) goals
3. Set difficult but realistic goals (when reached – increases our self efficacy)
4. Set positive (getting a B), not negative goals (not flunking)
5. Set short range and long-term goals
6. Set time spans for achievement
Chapter 15
The Neuroscience of social support
Explanation 1:
-People with lots of social support may feel less threatened and less likely to interpret a
situation as threatening or stressful
-Presence of support may make people less reactive to potentially threatening situations
and over time the impact of stress is lessened (react to fewer situations as stressful)
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PSYCH 1000 Full Course Notes
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Document Summary
Whether success makes someone feel better or anxious, or whether they act to improve a bad mood depends on their self esteem. People low in self esteem do not enjoy successes the way people with high self esteem do. Generates self-doubt and anxiety, self esteem did not improve with positive feedback. Positive life events associated with more illness. They also were less likely to express desire to improve their mood after a failure (even if they know what to do ex. watch a comedy) 5 factor model labels personality aspects but does not explain them. Found negative correlation between neuroticism scores and left insular cortex activity (area deep in the temporal lobe) and the left superior temporal gyrus (top border) Positive correlation b/w extraversion and right and left orbitofrontal cortex activity of the frontal cortex and along the medial (middle) part of the orbitofrontal cortex.
