Psychology 1000 Study Guide - Quiz Guide: Transformational Grammar, Syntactic Ambiguity, Memory Consolidation
3 Jun 2018
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Forgetting
• Forgetting tends to occur more rapidly at first, then slows down
o Most of forgotten information occurs right away, then only a little forgotten over
rest of time
Why Do We Forget
• Encoding failure – information was never encoded into long term memory
• Decay theory – proposes that with time and disuse, the physical memory trace in the
nervous system fades
o Problem in prediction that longer intervals of disuse cause increased decay of
information
• Reminiscence – phenomenon where more material is recalled during
second testing of information than the first
• Two types of interference:
o Proactive interference – occurs when material learned in the past interferes with
recall of new material (e.g. learning a new phone number)
o Retroactive interference – occurs when newly acquired information interferes
with the ability to recall earlier acquired information (e.g. recalling an old phone
number)
o Tip of the tongue phenomenon does not always reflect a retrieval of information
problem (sometimes the answer is never known to begin with)
• Motivated forgetting – motivational processes (e.g. repression) may protect us by
blocking the recall of anxiety-arousing memories
Amnesia
• Retrograde amnesia – memory loss for events that occurred prior to the onset of
amnesia
• Anterograde amnesia – memory loss for events that occur after the initial onset of
amnesia
• Infantile amnesia – memory loss for events that occurred during the first few years of
our lives
o Experienced by everyone
Forgetting to do Things
• Prospective memory – concerns remembering to perform an activity in the future
o People ith etter retrospetie eor do’t hae etter prospetie eor
The Misinformation Effect and Eyewitness Testimony
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PSYCH 1000 Full Course Notes
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Document Summary
Forgetting: forgetting tends to occur more rapidly at first, then slows down, most of forgotten information occurs right away, then only a little forgotten over rest of time. Amnesia: retrograde amnesia memory loss for events that occurred prior to the onset of amnesia, anterograde amnesia memory loss for events that occur after the initial onset of amnesia. Infantile amnesia memory loss for events that occurred during the first few years of our lives: experienced by everyone. Forgetting to do things: prospective memory concerns remembering to perform an activity in the future, people (cid:449)ith (cid:271)etter retrospe(cid:272)ti(cid:448)e (cid:373)e(cid:373)or(cid:455) do(cid:374)"t ha(cid:448)e (cid:271)etter prospe(cid:272)ti(cid:448)e (cid:373)e(cid:373)or(cid:455) The misinformation effect and eyewitness testimony: misinformation effect distortion of a memory by misleading post-event information, source confusion tendency to recall something or recognize it as familiar, but to forget where it was encountered. Sentence phrases words morphemes phonemes: phonemes smallest units of sound recognized as separate in a given language, morphemes smallest units of meaning in a language.
