Psychology 1000 Study Guide - Quiz Guide: Classical Conditioning, Binge Eating, Paraventricular Nucleus Of Hypothalamus
3 Jun 2018
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Hunger and Weight Regulation
• The Physiology of Hunger
o Metabolism – ody’s rate of eergy utilizatio
▪ Two-thirds of energy used goes to support basal metabolism, the resting,
continuous metabolic work of body cells
o Immediate energy supply information interacts with other signals to regulate
food intake (hunger not necessarily linked to immediate energy needs)
o Homeostatic mechanisms are designed to prevent people from running low on
energy in the first place (organisms will not wait until last second to eat)
o Many researches believe in a set point, an internal physiological standard,
around which body weight is regulated (if weight is altered, homeostatic
mechanisms will return body close to original weight)
o Body has long term signals that adjust appetite and metabolism:
▪ Signals that start and terminate a meal
• Hunger not triggered by empty stomach
o People with nerves cut to stomach or stomach surgically
removed still reported feelings of hunger
• Sensors in hypothalamus and liver monitor blood glucose
concentrations
o If glucose levels drop, liver converts stored nutrients back
into glucose, producing a drop-rise glucose pattern
• Humans display a temporary drop-rise glucose pattern prior to
experiencing hunger
• Walls of stomach and intestine stretch while eating, send nerve
signals to brain to indicate fullness
o Nutritionally rich food can produce full feeling quicker
than equal volume of less nutritious food
• Patients with removed stomachs can still experience satiety due
to chemical signals
o CCK (cholecystokinin) released into blood after eating,
stimulates receptors that decrease eating
▪ Signals that regulate general appetite and weight
• Fat cells secrete leptin (hormone that decreases appetite) to
regulate food intake and weight
o Does’t diretly ause fulless, ut affects amount of
satiety signals required
• Obese people have ample leptin in blood due to fat mass, but
brain appears insensitive to signals
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