Psychology 1000 Study Guide - Quiz Guide: Oppositional Defiant Disorder, Conduct Disorder, Externalizing Disorders
3 Jun 2018
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Schizophrenia
• Schizophrenia – a psychotic disorder that involves severe disturbances in thinking,
speech, perception, emotion, and behaviour
o Literally eas split id
• Characteristic of Schizophrenia
o Diagnosis requires that a person misinterprets reality and exhibits disordered
attention, thought, and perception
o Delusions – false beliefs that are sustained in the face of evidence that normally
would be sufficient to destroy them
o Hallucinations – false perceptions that have a compelling sense of reality
o Emotions can be affected in several ways:
▪ Some have blunted affect, manifesting less emotion that others
▪ Some have flat affect, showing almost no emotion at all
▪ Some have inappropriate affect, expressing a wrong emotion to a
situation
• Subtypes of Schizophrenia
o Four major subtypes of schizophrenia:
▪ Paranoid type – people believe that others mean to harm them, and
delusions of grandeur, in which they believe they are enormously
important
▪ Disorganized type – central features are confusion and incoherence,
together with severe deterioration of adaptive behaviour
▪ Catatonic type – shows striking motor disturbances, ranging from
muscular rigidity to random or repetitive movements
▪ Undifferentiated type – exhibit some symptoms and thought disorders of
other categories, but not enough to be diagnosed in a category
o Two main categories on basis of two classes of symptoms:
▪ Type I schizophrenia – predominance of positive symptoms (delusions,
hallucinations, and disordered speech)
• Called positive because they represent pathological extremes of
normal processes
▪ Type II schizophrenia – predominance of negative symptoms (lack of
emotional expression, loss of motivation, and absence of normal speech)
• Causal Factors in Schizophrenia
o Strong evidence for a genetic predisposition, though specific genes are still
unknown
o Can be caused by destruction of neural tissue
▪ Mild to moderate brain atrophy often observed
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