Psychology 1000 Study Guide - Quiz Guide: Token Economy, Reinforcement, Social Skills
4 Jun 2018
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Behavior therapies
▪ Behavioural approaches emerged as dramatic departure from the assumptions and
methods that characterize psychoanalytic and humanistic therapies
▪ Denied the importance of inner dynamics
▪ Insisted that:
o Behaviour disorders are learned in the same ways normal behaviours are
o These maladaptive behaviours can be unlearned by application of principles
derived from research on classical conditional and operant conditioning
Classical Conditioning Treatments
▪ Classical conditioning procesured have been used in two major ways
o Reduce or decondition anxiety responses
o Attemps to condition new anxiety responses to a particular class of stimuli
▪ Most common classical conditioning procedures include…exposure therapies,
systematic desensitization and aversion therapy
Exposure: An Extinction Approach
▪ Involves a pairing of the phobic object with an aversive unconditioned stimulus
▪ As a result, phobic stimulus becomes a conditioned stimulus that elicits the
conditioned response of anxiety
▪ Avoidance responses to the phonic situation are then reinforced by anxiety
reduction
▪ Most direct way to reduce the dear is through a process of classical extinction of the
anxiety response
▪ Exposure to the feared CD is the absence of the UCS while using response
prevention to keep the operant avoidance response from occurring
▪ Client may be exposed to real-life stimuli (flooding) or may be asked to imagine
scenes involving the stimuli (implosion)
▪ Anxiety will extinguish in time if the person remains in the presence of the CS and
the UCS does not occur
▪ Exposure highly effective
Systematic Desensitization: A Counter-conditioning Approach
▪ Joseph Wolpe introduced systematic desensitization
▪ Goal was to eliminate the anxiety by using a procedure called counter-
conditioning, in which a new response that in incompatible with anxiety is
conditioned to the new anxiety-arousing CS
▪ First step is to train the client in the skill of voluntary muscle relaxation
▪ Next, client is helped to construct a stimulus hierarchy
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