Psychology 1000 Study Guide - Quiz Guide: Social Emotions, The Emotions
4 Jun 2018
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Motivational conflict
▪ Achievement and affiliation motives may clash (when we have to choose between
studying and going to the party)
▪ Approach-approach conflict – opposition between two attractive alternatives
▪ Avoidance-avoidance conflict – opposition between two unattractive alternatives
▪ Approach- avoidance conflict – being attracted to and repelled by the same
goal…sometimes the most difficult conflicts to resolve
▪ Tendency to approach a desired goal and the desire to avoid it both grow stronger
as we get nearer to the goal, but avoidance usually increases in strength faster than
does the approach tendency
▪ Defensive avoidance – the decision maker procrastinates and generally avoids
coming to grasp with the decision
THE NATURE AND FUNCTIONS OF EMOTION
▪ Emotions are positive or negative feelings states consisting of a patterns of
cognitive, physiological, and behavioural reactions to events that have relevance to
important goals or motives
▪ Motivation and emotion both involve states of arousal, and they both can trigger
patterns of action
▪ We react emotionally only when out motives and goals are gratified, threatened, or
frustrated
▪ How then shall we distinguish between motivation and emotion?
o Some theorists suggest that motives operate as internal stimuli, whereas
emotions are basically reactions, or responses, to events that relate to
important goals
The Adaptive Value of Emotion
▪ Emotions have important adaptive functions
▪ They signal something important is happening, they direct our attention to the
event
▪ Some emotions are part of an emergency arousal system that increases the chances
of survival by energizing, directing, and sustaining adaptive behaviours
▪ Most basic is fighting or fleeing when confronted by threat or danger
▪ Frederikson (1998) suggests that positive and negative emotions have different
adaptive functions
▪ Negative emotions are sculpted by evolutionary survival pressures to barrow
attention and action tendencies so that the organism can respond to a threatening
situation with a focused set of responses
▪ Positive emotions usually arise under conditions of safety and goal attainment…high
psychological arousal is not needed
▪ Positive emotions usually arise under conditions of safety and goal attainment
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