Sociology 2205A/B- Final Exam Guide - Comprehensive Notes for the exam ( 53 pages long!)

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Two stress points about statistics: without stats, quantitative research is impossible, the role of statistics is limited (statistics become directly relevant only at the end of the observation stage. Large set of approaches but are either: numerical, graphical. Inferential statistics: becomes relevant when we wish to generalize our findings from a sample to a population. Involve using information from a sample to make inferences about a population. 10. 7 seconds or 10. 732451 seconds: the distinction between these two types of variables relates more to measuring and processing the information than to the appearance of the data. Basic characteristics of the three levels of measurement. Classification into categories plus ranking of categories with respect to one another. Counting number of cases in each category of the variable; comparing sizes of categories. All operations above plus judgments of greater than and less than . All of above plus description of distances between scores in terms of equal units.