BI110 Study Guide - Final Guide: Gene Duplication, Dna Replication, Sister Chromatids
Module 32 Cell Division
Prokaryotic cells undergo a cycle of binary fission (process of cell division)
Binary fission involves cytoplasmic growth (big enough to divide), DNA replication (complete
copy of genome), and cell division (producing 2 daughter cells from original parent cell)
The process of bacterial cell cycle:
Origin of replication: is a specific
sequence of nucleotides that marks
where replication should take place.
- Usually in the middle of the cell
- Replication will always begin here
- Once origin has been replicated; they
will migrate to opposite ends of the
cell
Simple process due the fact that
prokaryotes only have 1 singular
chromosome
Chloroplasts and mitochondria
replicate via binary fission due to the
fact that they have evolved from
prokaryotes
Mitosis: cell division in eukaryotes
- Basis for growth and maintenance of body mass in multicellular eukaryotes
- Yeast and algae (single celled eukaryotes) use this process
Cell Cycle includes many steps:
• Interphase (cell growth & DNA replication)
• Preparation for cell division (needs a series of particular proteins)
• Mitosis (physical separation of DNA)
• Cytokinesis (physical separation of 2 new cells)
Chromosomes of eukaryotes are linear DNA molecules with associated proteins
- DNA is genetic material and what makes it a chromosome is the associated protein
- DNA replication is a part of chromosomal duplication; need to copy the protein as well
for the new DNA to associate with
o DNA replication and duplication of chromosomal proteins convert each
chromosome into a structure composed of 2 exact copies called sister chromatids
DNA replication
- DNA is a double stranded helix; A binds with T & G binds with C
- In order for DNA to be replicated, the 2 strands are separated and new nucleotides are
added to form 2 identical copies of the double stranded DNA
o Each copy has 1 old strand of DNA and 1 new strand of DNA
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Document Summary
Prokaryotic cells undergo a cycle of binary fission (process of cell division) Binary fission involves cytoplasmic growth (big enough to divide), dna replication (complete copy of genome), and cell division (producing 2 daughter cells from original parent cell) Origin of replication: is a specific sequence of nucleotides that marks where replication should take place. Usually in the middle of the cell. Once origin has been replicated; they will migrate to opposite ends of the cell. Simple process due the fact that prokaryotes only have 1 singular chromosome. Chloroplasts and mitochondria replicate via binary fission due to the fact that they have evolved from prokaryotes. Basis for growth and maintenance of body mass in multicellular eukaryotes. Yeast and algae (single celled eukaryotes) use this process. Interphase (cell growth & dna replication: preparation for cell division (needs a series of particular proteins, mitosis (physical separation of dna, cytokinesis (physical separation of 2 new cells)
