BI111 Study Guide - Final Guide: Parallel Evolution, Old World Rom, Pterosaur
Document Summary
Twin goals of systematics: reconstruction of evolutionary history and classification of species. Phylogenetic trees come about through successive events of speciation (branching), in which one species gives rise to two (or more!) Reconstructing these trees requires comparison of traits (with shared genetic ancestry) in multiple species: homologies are good, analogies are not. Two major goals of systematic biology are to analyze phylogeny, which tells an evolutionary history and to perform taxonomy. Binary nomenclature: genus & species (reflect the nested hierarchy of life) Taxon designation has 3 components: name: what group does it belong to, rank: where does it fit into phylogeny, content: relevant to species concept. Differentiate species due to their morphological differences due to ancestry or evolution o. Dolphin resembles whales" due to: recent common ancestor homologies, converged on the phenotype due to common selective pressure to fill niche homoplasties. When no homologies exist, traits are said to be analogous: wings of insects are distinct.
