BI111 Study Guide - Final Guide: Cell Membrane, Brassica Oleracea, Nastic Movements
Document Summary
Many different vegetables broccoli, brussel sprouts, kale. To understand diversity of plant structures and life histories, need to understand role that signal response pathways play in their growth and development. Hormones and environmental stimuli alter behavior of target cells: signal molecules bind to receptors in target cells, elicit cellular response. By mean of a response pathways, signal can: induce changes in cell"s shape or internal structure, influence cell"s metabolism, alter gene activation and rate of protein synthesis, set in motion events that modify existing cell proteins. Some hormones and growth factors bind to receptors at target cell"s plasma membrane, on er, or in cytoplasm. Binding triggers release of internal second messengers that diffuse through cytoplasm and provide main chemical signal that alters cell functioning. Reaction sequence amplifies cell"s response to signal. Gibberellins acid stimulates growth, including the elongation of stems. Ethylene regulates a range of responses including senescence. Abscisic acid suppresses growth and influences responses to environmental stress.