PS268 Study Guide - Quiz Guide: Chloral Hydrate, Secobarbital, Central Nervous System Depression
CHAP 7: INHALANTS AND DEPRESSANTS
-psychological dependence develops most rapidly when drug hits brain quickly
-physical dependance happens when drug leaves system more rapidly
-drugs with short onset time are highly lipid-soluble/enter brain rapidly
-those with shortest duration of action are more rapidly metabolized/leave brain quickly
-pharmacokinetics: what the body does to the drug (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion)
-DUEAC Drug Use Evaluation Advisory Comittee: 2003, promote improvement in First Nations health
-GHB: gamma-hydroxybutryic acid, occurs naturally in body, CNS depressant
Chloral hydrate: gastric irritant, rapidly metabolized to trichloeroethanaol, induces sleep under an hour
Paraldehyde: effective and relatively safe but has noxious taste and odour
Bromide salts: accumulate in body, serious toxic effects with repeated use
Barbiturates (phenobarbital, amobarbital, secobarbital) Schedule III:
-first CNS depressant to be widely used and abused, grouped into short acting and long acting ones
-short acting: produce effects in 15 mins, last 2-3 hours, prescribed as sleeping pills, usually caused the
most problems with dependence/abuse
-long acting: may take an hour to produce effects, lasts 8+ hours, were prescribed as anxiety drugs
-associated with overdose deaths by respiratory depression, usually in combo with alcohol
-secobarbital: rapid onset/short duration of action, used as sleep med
-phenobarbital: slower onset/longer duration of action
-short acting bariburates more likely to lead to dependence than any benzodiazepine
Meprobamate/Miltown: 1952, thought to be new CNS depressant then became clear it also produced
psychological and physical dependence, became schedule IV controlled substance
Document Summary
Psychological dependence develops most rapidly when drug hits brain quickly. Physical dependance happens when drug leaves system more rapidly. Drugs with short onset time are highly lipid-soluble/enter brain rapidly. Those with shortest duration of action are more rapidly metabolized/leave brain quickly. Pharmacokinetics: what the body does to the drug (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion) Dueac drug use evaluation advisory comittee: 2003, promote improvement in first nations health. Ghb: gamma-hydroxybutryic acid, occurs naturally in body, cns depressant. Chloral hydrate: gastric irritant, rapidly metabolized to trichloeroethanaol, induces sleep under an hour. Paraldehyde: effective and relatively safe but has noxious taste and odour. Bromide salts: accumulate in body, serious toxic effects with repeated use. First cns depressant to be widely used and abused, grouped into short acting and long acting ones. Short acting: produce effects in 15 mins, last 2-3 hours, prescribed as sleeping pills, usually caused the most problems with dependence/abuse.
