PS280 Study Guide - Winter 2018, Comprehensive Midterm Notes - Anxiety, Major Depressive Disorder, Dsm-5
PS280
MIDTERM EXAM
STUDY GUIDE
Fall 2018
What is Abnormal Behaviour?
● 1. Statistical infrequency → normal curve is too inclusive (eg being very short/tall is
statistically infrequency but not abnormal behaviour)
● 2. Violation of social norms → fits for some areas, not for others, too inclusive (eg
prostitution may violate social norms but not abnormal behaviour), varies from culture to
culture
● 3. Personal distress → behaviour is considered abnormal if it creates personal suffering,
too inclusive (eg childbirth is distressing but not abnormal), does not fit all categories
(antisocial personality disorder do not experience personal distress)
● 4. Disability or dysfunction → impairment in social and/or occupational functioning, fits for
some areas but not for others
● 5. Unexpectedness → distress and disability are unexpected responses to environmental
stimuli
The Mental Health Professions
● Clinical psychologist
○ Usually has masters and phD in psych
○ Psychologist = restricted title (must be registered with college of psychologists in
ontario)
○ Some instead of phD had psyD (less research)
● Counselling psychologist
○ Less research, focus on less severe forms of psychopathology
● Psychological associate
● Psychiatrist
○ M.D.
○ Can give prescriptions
● Psychoanalyst
○ Usually psychiatrist with further training
● Social worker
○ Masters degree in social work
● Psychiatric nurse
○ Nurse that specializes in mental health
● Multidisciplinary settings
History of Psychopathology
● Early demonology
○ Abnormal behaviour caused by possession
○ Treatment = exorcism, trepanning
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
● Somatogenesis - hippocrates (5th century BC)
○ Something is wrong with the body, this is causing a disturbance in thought and
behaviour
● Dark ages and demonology
○ The mentally ill are witches
● Development of asylums
○ 15th-16th centuries
○ London: Bethlehem
■ Bedlam (designed for just the mentally ill rather than ill and homeless, but
not a nice place, treated like tourist attraction)
○ US: Benjamin Rush (1745-1813)
■ The father of american psychiatry
■ Thought mental illness was caused by excess of blood in the brain
■ Treatment was drawing blood from people
○ Moral treatment
■ Philippe Pinel (1745-1826)
■ Dorothy Dix (1802-1877)
● The beginning of contemporary thought
○ An early system of classification
■ Emil Kraepelin (1856-1926)
■ When symptoms appear together = syndrome
■ Dementia praecox (schizophrenia) and manic depressive psychosis
○ General paresis and syphilis
■ Mental and physical deterioration (syphilis was leading to this
deterioration - idea of mental illness being caused by physical)
■ Pasteur’s germ theory - disease is caused by germs (mental illness could
have biological causes)
○ Somatogenesis vs psychogenesis
○ Mesmer
■ Thought mental illness was caused by way magnetic fluid was distributed
in the body and that it needed to change
■ Touched patients with in tub rods that he thought distributed animal
magnetism
■ Hypnosis
○ Breuer
■ Catharsis - people felt better after talking about their emotions
Stigma - attitudes toward people with psychological disorders
● Stereotyping and stigmatization
● Myths: people with psychological disorders
○ Are unstable and dangerous
○ Cannot be cured
● Possible outcomes…
○ Desire to keep psychological disorders a secret
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Statistical infrequency normal curve is too inclusive (eg being very short/tall is statistically infrequency but not abnormal behaviour) Violation of social norms fits for some areas, not for others, too inclusive (eg prostitution may violate social norms but not abnormal behaviour), varies from culture to culture. Personal distress behaviour is considered abnormal if it creates personal suffering, too inclusive (eg childbirth is distressing but not abnormal), does not fit all categories (antisocial personality disorder do not experience personal distress) Disability or dysfunction impairment in social and/or occupational functioning, fits for some areas but not for others. Unexpectedness distress and disability are unexpected responses to environmental stimuli. Usually has masters and phd in psych. Psychologist = restricted title (must be registered with college of psychologists in ontario) Some instead of phd had psyd (less research) Less research, focus on less severe forms of psychopathology. Something is wrong with the body, this is causing a disturbance in thought and behaviour.