BIOL 1000 Study Guide - Final Guide: Dna Ligase, Striped Bass, Mitochondrial Matrix

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tanminnow712

10 Feb 2016

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What are the membrane structures that function in active transport: peripheral proteins, phospholipids fatty acid tails, cholesterol deposits, cytoskeleton elements. E. integral proteins: what are the membrane structures that function in active transport, facilitated diffusion, osmosis, active transport, simple diffusion, endocytosis, certain organisms such as the striped bass are able to migrate between the ocean and freshwater streams. Ions must be kept within the cells while water is kept out: cholesterol levels of the plasma membrane must be increased. C: a and b only, a,b and c enzyme the reaction always goes in the direction toward chemical equilibrium. The next two questions are based on the following information: A series of enzymes catalyze the reaction x -> y -> z -> a. Substance a binds to the enzyme that converts x to y at a position remote from its active site. Is used to generate atp in cellular respiration, but hydrolyzes atp for the energy to perform.

Related Questions

Explain the cell theory; know the three basic tenets of the theory.

All cells have to carry out certain functions, what do all cells have in common?

Compare/contrast an Eukaryotic vs a Prokaryotic cell type.

Understand the concept of selective toxicity. What do all effective targets of an antimicrobial agent have in common? What are some characteristics of Prokaryotic cells that can be targeted?

Explain the unity and diversity of prokaryotic cells in terms of evolutionary theories.

Describe the three basic shapes (morphologies) of bacteria.

What are the functions of the plasma membrane, how does the structure of the plasma membrane aid in carrying out these functions?

Describe the fluid mosaic model of the plasma membrane. Draw out the plasma membrane, include the phospholipid bilayer (indicating polar/hydrophilic and nonpolar/hydrophobic components) and peripheral and integral proteins. Also indicate the intracellular (cytoplasmic) and extracellular regions.

What are the functions of the components of the plasma membrane? Phospholipids, proteins?

Transport. Compare/contrast the following mechanisms of transport in terms of the types of molecules transported, with or against the concentration gradient, if any Energy input is required, if a transport molecule is involved, and if Euk and or Prok use this mechanism.

Osmosis (explain the role of aquaporins)

Diffusion

Facilitated Diffusion

Active transport (proton motive force / ATP binding cassette system)

Group translocation

Cholesterol is transported in the bloodstream in lipoproteinparticles. There are several classes of lipoprotein particles, butone of the most important classes is called Low-densitylipoproteins (LDL). LDL particles are composed of a single moleculeof a large protein called apolipoprotein, as well as thousands ofcholesterols molecules and phospholipids. Part of theapolipoprotein forms the surface of the particles and faces theaqueous phase, while other parts face the hydrophobic interior ofthe particle where they interact with cholesterol and thehydrophobic tails of the phospholipids. When cells need additionalcholesterol, they produce a receptor protein on the surface oftheir plasma membrane that binds to the apolipoprotein andinitiates the uptake of LDL particles into the cell via a processcalled endocytosis.

1. What is the likely reason that LDL particles are used totransport cholesterol in the blood stream?

a. Cholesterol in LDL particles easily inserts into lipidbilayers

b. Cholesterol id largely insoluble in aqueous solutions

c. Cholesterol is synthesized within LDL particles

d. LDL particles can form lipid rafts in the lipid bilayer

2. What is the most likely location of phospholipids in LDLparticles?

a. Bound to the hydrophilic domain of apolipoprotein

b. In the lipid bilayer that surrounds LDL particles

c. On the surface interacting with the aqueous environment aswell as interacting with the hydrophobic core of the particle

d. Within the hydrophobic core of the particle

3. What best describes the class of protein that apolipoproteinbelongs to?

a. Amphipathic proteins

b. Cell surface proteins

c. Membrane associated protein

d. Multipass membrane proteins

4. What kind of molecule on the surface of the cell would bemost likely to serve as a receptor for LDL particles?

a. a cholesterol binding protein

b. a glycolipid

c. a phospholipid

d. trans membrane protein

5. What conditions would be most likely to trigger increaseduptake of LDL particles by cells?

a. increased glycolipid synthesis

b. increased plasma membrane growth

c. increased protein secretion

d. increase protein synthesis

A) crabby the crab lives in the ocean just off the east coast of the united states. one day, a young child catches Crabby and wants to take him home as pet. The child's family had a freshwater pound in their backyard, and the child plans to allow crabby to live in the pond. Using your knowledge of diffusion, osmosis, and tonicity, explain why the move to the freshwater pond will be deadly of crabby

B) Concisely describe the fluid mosaic model of the plasma membrane. Do not draw a picture. C) Consider the insulin-producing cells in the pancreas and innate immune cells such as macrophages.

Why are endocytosis and exocytosis important in these cells? which process is more important for each cell type? D) Why is a active transport necessary in living organisms?

what kinds of disorders could result from problems with active transport?

E) Explain 3 of the 6 major functions of membrane proteins.

5. A) A certain poison acts by binding to the enzyme ATP synthase, which catalyzed the formation of ATP. Binding of this poison causes the enzyme to become inactive. If excess ADP is added in the presence of this poison, the poison is no longer effective. What purpose does ADP serve in the example? What type of inhibitor is the poison? what evidence led you to this conclusion? What is the difference between an exergonic and endergonic reaction? what is the effect on free energy change and entropy of the system of each of these types of reactions?

6. Propose 3 ways that this pathway could be disrupted in patients with type 2 diabetes and suggest a way that one of these problems could be treated medically.

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BIOL 1000 Study Guide - Final Guide: Dna Ligase, Striped Bass, Mitochondrial Matrix

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