[BIOL 1000] - Midterm Exam Guide - Ultimate 76 pages long Study Guide!

• School: York University
• Department: Biology
• Course: BIOL 1000
• Professor: Michael Gadsden

Document Summary

Photosynthesis: conversion of carbon dioxide into organic molecules using light energy. Carbohydrate units: (ch2o)(cid:374) (cid:374) i(cid:374)di(cid:272)ati(cid:374)g the diffe(cid:396)e(cid:374)t (cid:272)a(cid:396)(cid:271)oh(cid:455)d(cid:396)ates a(cid:396)e fo(cid:396)(cid:373)ed f(cid:396)o(cid:373) different multiples of the carbohydrate unit. Oxygenic photosynthesis: o2 is produced as a by-product by the light-dependent splitting of water. 3 carbon sugars are major direct product of the calvin cycle. In photosynthetic eukaryotes, both the light reactions and the calvin cycle take place within the chloroplast: outer membrane: covers entire surface of organelle. Inner membrane: lies just inside the outer membrane. Photosynthesis is initiated by light absorption by pigment molecules that are bound precisely to specific proteins. Light is absorbed by molecules of green pigments called chlorophylls and yellow-orange pigments called carotenoids. Chlorophyll: green: does not have an excited state, always reflected or transmitted, dominant: chlorophyll a and b. Action spectrum: plot of effectiveness of light of particular wavelengths in driving a process.