BIOL 2020 Midterm: Midterm 2 notes
9 Jul 2016
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Document Summary
Carbohydrates are the major source of fuel for most organisms. Functions: role in metabolism, structural (major component of the cell wall), component of dna and rna. Monosaccharides (single sugar) (ch2o)n, n is anywhere from 3-7. One aldehyde or ketone and multiple hydroxyl groups. Enantiomers- each pair of molecule that are mirror objects of each other and are non- superimposable. Stereoisomers- two or more compounds differing only in the spatial arrangement of their atoms. When the aldose is labelled with d, the hydroxyl group is on the right of the chiral carbon. When the aldose is labelled with a l, the hydroxyl group is on the left of the chiral carbon. When aldehyde reacts with alcohol it forms a compound called hemiacetals. When ketone reacts with alcohol it forms a compound called hemiketals: this reaction is very unstable and usually revert back to its form. Hemiacetals and hemiketals are capable of reacting with itself to form a cyclic hemiacetal/hemiketal: more stable.
