BIOL 2021- Final Exam Guide - Comprehensive Notes for the exam ( 297 pages long!)
Document Summary
Signals can be large or small: large signal molecules are usually intracellular signaling proteins, small molecules are usually second messengers: intracellular signaling molecules that are small chemicals, camp, ca2+, diacylglycerol, ip3. Problem: there are many signaling pathways in the cell. Motor proteins: bind to cytoskeletal filaments, use energy of atp to move along filament, different motors bind to actin or tubulin, carry organelles or generate force. Generate force in muscles: found in all eukaryotes. Figure 16-40: common characteristics of all motor proteins, all have motor domain that attaches to filament. Motor domain is head region: head determines identity & determines direction of protein, tail determines identity of cargo- different in various myosin. Myosin: moves along actin filaments, they can have either one or two heads, most actins move towards plus end, one moves towards minus end (myosin vi, they transport vesicles, allow contractions & cell migration.