BIOL 2030 Midterm: Animals Midterm Review Part 1
26 Feb 2017
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Document Summary
Biol 2030 classification of animals (chapter 4, pages 84-104, 89*) Developed scheme for classification: morphological, hierarchical taxonomy, 7 mandatory, over 30 ranks for complex groups. Phylogenetic tree relates all living and extinct species. Phylogeny: history of development of species or other groups. Characters: organismal features used to construct a phylogeny. Homology: character similarity resulting from common ancestry. Homoplasy: non-homologous similarity evolutionary convergence: two organisms that do not share a common ancestor have similar features due to the environment they share. Cladistics: evaluation of info for tree building and classification. Clade: group of organisms that share derived character states and form subsets within a study group. Outgroup comparison: examines polarity of a character state. Shapes and sizes of organismal structures, including developmental origins. (e. g. bones, structure of intguments. ) Comparative biochemistry living and some fossil material. Gene and protein sequencing (e. g. mtdna fast change, rrna slow change) Numbers, sizes & sizes of chromosomes and associated materials.
