KINE 4020 Study Guide - Midterm Guide: Short-Chain Fatty Acid, White Adipose Tissue, Arachidonic Acid
30 Aug 2016
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Types: fatty acids, tg (glycerol & 3 fatty acids), phospholipids, and sterols. Uses: energy production (fatty acid oxidation) and storage (tg accumulation), insulation and padding (tg stored in the adipose tissue), cell signalling (diacylglycerol), structural support (cell membrane formation), inflammatory responses (eicosanoids), hormonal production (steroids) Require specific processes for digestion, absorbance, and transport. Simplest form of lipids: contain methyl (non-polar) and carboxyl (polar) ends that do not cyclise. Classified by chain size: short: 2-4 carbons (soluble), medium: 6-12 carbons (soluble), long: 14-26 carbons (insoluble) Classified by double covalent bonds b/w carbons w/in hydrocarbon chain: lack of bonds = saturated: palmitic acid, presence of bonds = unsaturated, degree of saturation is reflected in nomenclature. 1 saturated bond = monounsaturated: oleic & palmitoleic acids. 2+ bonds = polyunsaturated: linoleic & arachidonic acids: numeric representation: 20:4. 1st # = # of carbons, 2nd # = number of double bonds: position of double bonds can be identified using delta or omega systems.
