NATS 1675 Study Guide - Fall 2018, Comprehensive Midterm Notes - Dna, Cell Membrane, Rna
12 Oct 2018
School
Department
Course
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NATS 1675
MIDTERM EXAM
STUDY GUIDE
Fall 2018
1
Office Hours: odd numbered days are the hour before class, even numbers are after class
Cells
• Cells - the fudaetal strutural uits or uildig loks of all orgaiss
• Orgais-a liig thig
• Cells are oposed of protoplas otaied i a erae
• [protos = first; plasma = soethig fored or olded]
• Protoplas-the essetial aterial of all ells i liig orgaiss
• Life depeds o, ad arises out of, the otiuous heial atiit that ours i protoplas
• It is also a ople olloidal sste otaiig partiles of arohdrates, lipids, proteis ad ulei
aids RNA & DNA
• Carbs=sugars, lipids=fats, proteins=amino acids
• A olloidal sste - a peraet suspesio of fiel diided partiles
• Prokaroti- ells that otai DNA, ut o true uleus
• Prokaroti orgaiss are all sigle elled. e. Bateria & lue-gree algae
• Eukaroti -ells that otai DNA ithi a erae oud uleus. Eaples ilude protists,
fugi, plats ad aials, ost of hih are ultiellular orgaiss
Classification
• The lassifiatio sste o osists of three doais:
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2
Bacteria ad Archaea oprised of prokaroti elled orgaiss
Eukara oprised of eukaroti elled orgaiss
• The Eukara are further diided ito four Kigdos all oprised eukaroti elled orgaiss:
• protists Protista,
• fugi Fugi,
• plats Platae ad
• aials Aialia Fig. 1.5.
• There’s probably about 10,000 identified organisms
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Document Summary
Office hours: odd numbered days are the hour before class, even numbers are after class: cells - the fu(cid:374)da(cid:373)e(cid:374)tal stru(cid:272)tural u(cid:374)its or (cid:271)uildi(cid:374)g (cid:271)lo(cid:272)ks of all orga(cid:374)is(cid:373)s. Ba(cid:272)teria & (cid:271)lue-gree(cid:374) algae(cid:895: eukar(cid:455)oti(cid:272) -(cid:272)ells that (cid:272)o(cid:374)tai(cid:374) dna (cid:449)ithi(cid:374) a (cid:373)e(cid:373)(cid:271)ra(cid:374)e (cid:271)ou(cid:374)d (cid:374)u(cid:272)leus. E(cid:454)a(cid:373)ples i(cid:374)(cid:272)lude protists, fu(cid:374)gi, pla(cid:374)ts a(cid:374)d a(cid:374)i(cid:373)als, (cid:373)ost of (cid:449)hi(cid:272)h are (cid:373)ulti(cid:272)ellular orga(cid:374)is(cid:373)s. Classification: the (cid:272)lassifi(cid:272)atio(cid:374) s(cid:455)ste(cid:373) (cid:374)o(cid:449) (cid:272)o(cid:374)sists of three do(cid:373)ai(cid:374)s: Bacteria a(cid:374)d archaea (cid:894)(cid:272)o(cid:373)prised of prokar(cid:455)oti(cid:272) (cid:272)elled orga(cid:374)is(cid:373)s(cid:895) Eukar(cid:455)a (cid:894)(cid:272)o(cid:373)prised of eukar(cid:455)oti(cid:272) (cid:272)elled orga(cid:374)is(cid:373)s(cid:895: the eukar(cid:455)a are further di(cid:448)ided i(cid:374)to four ki(cid:374)gdo(cid:373)s all (cid:272)o(cid:373)prised eukar(cid:455)oti(cid:272) (cid:272)elled orga(cid:374)is(cid:373)s, protists (cid:894)protista(cid:895), fu(cid:374)gi (cid:894)fu(cid:374)gi(cid:895), pla(cid:374)ts (cid:894)pla(cid:374)tae(cid:895) a(cid:374)d, a(cid:374)i(cid:373)als (cid:894)a(cid:374)i(cid:373)alia(cid:895) (cid:894)fig. 1. 5(cid:895): there"s probably about 10,000 identified organisms. Domain archaea: prokaryotic cells, adapted to extreme environments, absorb or chemosynthesize food. Domain bacteria: prokaryotic cells, adapted to all environments, absorb, photosynthesize or chemosynthesize food, composed of eukaryotic cells. Kingdom protista: primarily single celled, occasionally colonial, sometimes multicellular, absorb, photosynthesize or ingest (eat) food.
