PSYC 2230 Study Guide - Psychologies, Neurophysiology, Thomas Kuhn

• School: York University
• Department: Psychology
• Course: PSYC 2230
• Professor: Pauline Charlton

Document Summary

Chapter 2: motivation in historical and contemporary perspectives first motivation textbook written in 1954: motivation has changed a lot since the 1950"s. Philosophical orgins of motivational concepts: courses in motivation have been around less than a 100 years the intellectual roots of motivation study owe their origin to the ancient greeks socrates, Plato, and aristotle: plato proposed that motivation flowed from a tripartite, hierarchically arranged soul: Appetitive aspect (primitive level): contributed bodily appetites and desires (ex. hunger, sex) Competitive aspect: contributed socially referenced standards (feeling honoured or shamed) Calculating aspect (highest level): contributed decision-making capacities (reason, choosing: plato"s portrayal of motivation similar to freud (appetite id, competitive superego, calculating ego, aristotle"s proposal endorsed plato"s but with different terminology: Nutritive: most impulsive, irrational and animal-like; contributed bodily urges needed for maintenance of life. Sensitive: body related but it regulated pleasure and pain. What was needed to understand the reactive motives was a mechanistic analysis of the body the study of physiology.