CAS PS 101 Study Guide - Midterm Guide: Hermann Von Helmholtz, Paul Broca, Stormtroopers Of Death
30 Oct 2018
School
Department
Course
Professor
S.O.D: Frontier Psychiatrist - The Avalanches
Philosophical Ideals
●Plato
○Nativist (Nature)
○Born with and fixed.
●Aristotle
○Empiricist (Nurture)
○Clean slate when you’re born and you learn things through experience
■Evidence based approach to knowledge
●Rene Descartes
○Interactive Dualism: Separation of the mind and the physical body, allowing for
communication between the two. Mind is controlling you “Like a ghost”.
○Dualism Have a soul and have the mind/body. Your mind has to operate with
your brain.
○Monism: Mind and body are the same. There’s nothing more to you. Your
physical body is who you are. (Hobbes)
●Franz Joseph Gall
○Phrenology: Traits and characteristics map onto the size of brain regions
■Can be observed through differences in the bumps on the skull
■If you could accurately measure the lumpiness of the skull, it could tell
you about the person.
■No longer acceptable
●Pierre Flourens
○Physician recruited by Napoleon
○Localization of function within specific brain areas
○Demonstrated by observing effects of brain lesions in non human animals
○Destroyed/tested on animals
○Now: Electrical currents,TMS
●Paul Broca : Localization
○Observation of naturally occuring lesions and associated dysfunction
○Waited for natural causes in people after death. THis happened -->Checked brain
○Supports localization and specificity of function.
○Broca’s area
○Patient only said tan. Patient had a stroke → disruption of speech → hole in
brain (broca’s area).
●Contributions of Physiology to Psychology
○Physiology: study of biological processes especially in the human body.
●Hermann von Helmholtz
○Applied physiological methods to the brain
○Reaction time
○Measured speed of nerve impulses via reaction time
○Demonstrated that mental processes are not instantaneous. (There is a reaction
time)
●Wilhelm Wundt
○Father of psychology
○Emergence of psychology as a legitimate science
○First textbook
○First exclusive psychology laboratory at the University of Leipzig
○Speed of nervous system (Physiology)
○Measured perception
○Focused on structuralism and consciousness
10/9/18: Animal Behaviour and Training
SOD Even a dog can shake Hands
●Wilhelm Wundt
Structuralism
●Analysis of basic elements that constitute the mind. Mapping your experience and all the
thought processes. Structure of consciousness
●Consciousness: A person’s subjective experience of the world and of the mind
●Introspection: Subjective observation of one’s own experience.
○People describing their own thoughts
●“Raw” sensory experiences and reaction times were reported to illustrate the difference
between sensation and perception. Hard for people to pin down data.
●Didn’t exist for a long time because it was subjective
●Try to understand brain to understand thoughts
●What are you feeling?
Edward Titchener
●Studied Structuralism under Wundt
●Listed conscious experience
Functionalism
●Study of the purpose mental processes serve in enabling people to adapt to their
environment
●If we can learn
●William James developed functionalism
○believed that mental abilities must have evolved because they were adaptive.
●This was similar to Natural Selection. Why do you act this way, what does it do to you?
However, Darwin got more credit.
●Why are you feeling it?
●Used theory of evolution.
●How retrospective analysis can justify anything
William James
●Principles of Psychology
G. Stanley Hall
●Studied under Wundt and James
●First president of APA
○Update guidelines on how research should be ethical
○Pioneered work in child development
●Mary Whiton Calkins
○First woman president of the APA
○Set up first psychology lab
○Was denied a phd from Harvard.
Gestalt Psychology
●Holistic theory of human perception and human mind.
●Relevance of context
●Believed that mental experience was dependent on the organization and
patterning of experience and of one’s perceptions not a simple combination of
elements
○Behaviour should be studied as a whole not in components
● they discovered that when two lights were flashed in succession under specific
conditions, an illusion of continuous motion was produced.
●It’s about how you experience things as a whole
Gestalt Therapy: Enhanced awareness of sensation, perception, bodily feelings, emotion and
behavior. Perception! Pictures with two different views.
Sigmund Freud
●Hysteria: temporary loss of cognitive of motor function, resulting usually from
psychological trauma
○suggested that a patient's problems could be traced to the effects of painful
childhood experiences that the person could no long remember (or had blocked
out of memory).
●Theory that many selves could exist in one mind, outside awareness.
●He thought that patients problems could be traced to the effects of forgotten childhood
experiences.
●PSYCHOANALYSIS; Therapeutic approach focused on bringing unconscious material
into conscious awareness to treat a disorder.
○Perceived as too dark and pessimistic
●Freud believed that to understand a person’s thoughts, feelings and behavior required
the full exploration of a person's early sexual experiences and unconscious desires
●One to one with only Freud (Unreliable)
Humanism
93
CAS PS 101 Full Course Notes
Verified Note
93 documents
Document Summary
Clean slate when you"re born and you learn things through experience. Interactive dualism: separation of the mind and the physical body, allowing for communication between the two. Dualism have a soul and have the mind/body. Your mind has to operate with your brain. Monism: mind and body are the same. Your physical body is who you are. (hobbes) Phrenology: traits and characteristics map onto the size of brain regions. Can be observed through differences in the bumps on the skull. If you could accurately measure the lumpiness of the skull, it could tell you about the person. Localization of function within specific brain areas. Demonstrated by observing effects of brain lesions in non human animals. Observation of naturally occuring lesions and associated dysfunction. Waited for natural causes in people after death. Patient only said tan brain (broca"s area). Patient had a stroke disruption of speech hole in. Physiology: study of biological processes especially in the human body.
