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SMG OB 221- Final Exam Guide - Comprehensive Notes for the exam ( 29 pages long!)

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peachreindeer971
29 Mar 2018
School
Boston University
Department
Organizational Behavior
Course
SMG OB 221
Professor
Wang

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Document Summary

Chapter 13 (cid:894)lecture 1(cid:895): the dy(cid:374)a(cid:373)ics of leadi(cid:374)g. Chapter (cid:1009) & (cid:1010) (cid:894)lecture 1(cid:895): moti(cid:448)atio(cid:374) at work. Chapter (cid:1005)(cid:1007) (cid:894)lecture (cid:1005)(cid:895): the dy(cid:374)a(cid:373)ics of leadi(cid:374)g. Corporate hierarchy: success will be due to effective managerial and interpersonal skills. Level of management: top management, middle management, first-line management. Span of control: flattening = better management but ppl are isolated & divided in divisional structure. Formalization: the extent to which rules follow throughout the organizations. Centralization vs decentralization: centralization: formal decision-making authority is held by the few people, different structures have different locus of authority, de-centralization: decision-making authority is dispersed throughout the organization, firm grows = increased de-centralization. Mechanistic: narrow span of control, high formalization, high centralization. Organic: wide span of control, little formalization, decentralized decisions. Organizing employees around specific knowledge (marketing, finance, hr, production. Organize employees around outputs, clients, geographic areas (consumer products, medical systems, lighting products. Employees temporarily assigned to specific project team and have a permanent functional unit.

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Related Questions

NIKE:

Need the following ratios to be calculated using the financial sheets copied at the bottom. Each ratio needs to be calculated using the information from 2016. Each ratio also needs to be broken down and illustrated by the step by step process. Finally, please include any and all observations for each ratio and analysis.

1) Common Size analysis

2) Common size vertical analysis & graph

3) Current Ratio

4) Quick Ratio

5) Cash Ratio

6) Inventory Turnover

7) Receivables Turnover

8) Total Asset Turnover

9) Fixed Asset Turnover

10) Gross profit margin

11) Operating Profit margin

12) Net profit margin

13) Return on total assets

14) return on equity

15) basic earning power

16) Deb/net worth ratio

17) debt ratio

18) DuPont System

19) Times-interest-earned

Balance Sheet:

Consolidated Balance Sheets - USD ($) $ in Millions May 31, 2017 May 31, 2016
Current assets:
Cash and equivalents $ 3,808 $ 3,138
Short-term investments 2,371 2,319
Accounts receivable, net 3,677 3,241
Inventories 5,055 4,838
Prepaid expenses and other current assets 1,150 1,489
Total current assets 16,061 15,025
Property, plant and equipment, net 3,989 3,520
Identifiable intangible assets, net 283 281
Goodwill 139 131
Deferred income taxes and other assets 2,787 2,422
TOTAL ASSETS 23,259 21,379
Current liabilities:
Current portion of long-term debt 6 44
Notes payable 325 1
Accounts payable 2,048 2,191
Accrued liabilities 3,011 3,037
Income taxes payable 84 85
Total current liabilities 5,474 5,358
Long-term debt 3,471 1,993
Deferred income taxes and other liabilities 1,907 1,770
Commitments and contingencies
Redeemable preferred stock 0 0
Shareholders’ equity:
Capital in excess of stated value 8,638 7,786
Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income (213) 318
Retained earnings 3,979 4,151
Total shareholders’ equity 12,407 12,258
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY 23,259 21,379
Class A Convertible Common Stock
Shareholders’ equity:
Common stock at stated value 0 0
Class B Common Stock
Shareholders’ equity:
Common stock at stated value $ 3 $ 3

Income Statement:

Consolidated Statements of Income - USD ($) $ in Millions 12 Months Ended
May 31, 2017 May 31, 2016 May 31, 2015
Income Statement [Abstract]
Revenues $ 34,350 $ 32,376 $ 30,601
Cost of sales 19,038 17,405 16,534
Gross profit 15,312 14,971 14,067
Demand creation expense 3,341 3,278 3,213
Operating overhead expense 7,222 7,191 6,679
Total selling and administrative expense 10,563 10,469 9,892
Interest expense (income), net 59 19 28
Other (income) expense, net (196) (140) (58)
Income before income taxes 4,886 4,623 4,205
Income tax expense 646 863 932
NET INCOME $ 4,240 $ 3,760 $ 3,273
Earnings per common share:
Basic (in dollars per share) $ 2.56 $ 2.21 $ 1.90
Diluted (in dollars per share) 2.51 2.16 1.85
Dividends declared per common share (in dollars per share) $ 0.70 $ 0.62 $ 0.54

Cash Flow Sheet

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows - USD ($) $ in Millions 12 Months Ended
May 31, 2017 May 31, 2016 May 31, 2015
Cash provided by operations:
Net income $ 4,240 $ 3,760 $ 3,273
Income charges (credits) not affecting cash:
Depreciation 706 649 606
Deferred income taxes (273) (80) (113)
Stock-based compensation 215 236 191
Amortization and other 10 13 43
Net foreign currency adjustments (117) 98 424
Changes in certain working capital components and other assets and liabilities:
(Increase) decrease in accounts receivable (426) 60 (216)
(Increase) in inventories (231) (590) (621)
(Increase) in prepaid expenses and other current assets (120) (161) (144)
(Decrease) increase in accounts payable, accrued liabilities and income taxes payable (364) (889) 1,237
Cash provided by operations 3,640 3,096 4,680
Cash used by investing activities:
Purchases of short-term investments (5,928) (5,367) (4,936)
Maturities of short-term investments 3,623 2,924 3,655
Sales of short-term investments 2,423 2,386 2,216
Investments in reverse repurchase agreements 0 150 (150)
Additions to property, plant and equipment (1,105) (1,143) (963)
Disposals of property, plant and equipment 13 10 3
Other investing activities (34) 6 0
Cash used by investing activities (1,008) (1,034) (175)
Cash used by financing activities:
Net proceeds from long-term debt issuance 1,482 981 0
Long-term debt payments, including current portion (44) (106) (7)
Increase (decrease) in notes payable 327 (67) (63)
Payments on capital lease and other financing obligations (17) (7) (19)
Proceeds from exercise of stock options and other stock issuances 489 507 514
Excess tax benefits from share-based payment arrangements 177 281 218
Repurchase of common stock (3,223) (3,238) (2,534)
Dividends — common and preferred (1,133) (1,022) (899)
Cash used by financing activities (1,942) (2,671) (2,790)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and equivalents (20) (105) (83)
Net increase (decrease) in cash and equivalents 670 (714) 1,632
Cash and equivalents, beginning of year 3,138 3,852 2,220
CASH AND EQUIVALENTS, END OF YEAR 3,808 3,138 3,852
Cash paid during the year for:
Interest, net of capitalized interest 98 70 53
Income taxes 703 748 1,262
Non-cash additions to property, plant and equipment 266 252 206
Dividends declared and not paid $ 300 $ 271 $ 240

please help me with this lab.

Ethanol Production

(Thermal Energy Conservation)

Lab Objective

Through this lab exercise, the principle of conservation of charge will be demonstrated using an adopted problem-solving methodology and a simple Matlab exercise.

Materials

Matlab 2007 or higher

Lab Assignment

Introduction

GASBUGS INC. is actually a division of a much larger alternate, fuel-generating corporation known as BIOFUELS INTERNATIONAL. One thing this company produces is ethanol (C2H6O) from an industrial process that uses a type of yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae). The elemental formula of S. cerevisiae is CH1.83 O0.56 N0.17 and it has a heat of combustion of approximately -21.2 kJ/g. In their batch process, .25lbmNH3 and 5.0lbm glucose are combined with the yeast at 25oC. After the reaction goes to completion (at least one of the starting reactants is used up), 1. 4 lbm of ethanol is produced. The unbalanced reaction for this process is:

C2H6O (s) + NH3 (g) → C3H8O3 (l) + C2H6O (l) + CH1.83 O0.56 N0.17 + CO2(g) + H2O (l)

Note: 1 mol of glucose produces .5 mole glycerol (C3H8O3) and that the ration of NH3 to H2O is 1:1.

You are told that it is likely that too much glucose is being added in the batch reactor process. It is your goal as the production engineering support specialist working for BIOFUELS INTERNATIONAL to model this scenario to determine how much unnecessary glucose is being added to reduce waste and cost.

Procedure

Follow the 4 steps of methodology for solving problems on pp. 44–46 of your textbook to set up the model.

Using MATLAB, create a plot that demonstrates the impact on ethanol production as the amount of glucose in the reactor varies from 1.0 lbm to 10 lbm.

Questions

How much excess glucose was being added to the reactor?

What is the ideal amount needed?

How much heat was produced and subsequently removed from the system?

Interpret the Matlab plot produced.

1.8 Methodology for Solving Engineering Problems. page 44-46. four steps.

Developing a pattern or methodology for solving engineering problems is important for consistency and thoroughness. The application of accounting and/conservation equations (discussed in Chapters 2–6) should be carried out in an organized manner; this makes the solution easy to follow, check, and be used by others. As a new engineer, you may find going through these many steps tedious and excessive for seemingly simple problems. However, when the level of difficulty increases, having a method or process to fall back on will be invaluable. Experienced engineers use most of the steps below when solving real-world problems.

The methodology laid out here or one similar to it should be used to solve problems throughout your career. The method outlined below is a general guide of the steps that will be followed to solve problems in Chapters 3–6 of this book, and as in real-world problems, only steps applicable to the problem should be performed. Other methodologies for solving problems are also valid; the critical issue is that you develop a thorough method and implement it regularly. As you mature as an engineer, it is appropriate that you develop your own problem-solving method.

1. Assemble. Information regarding the problem, including a picture, should be assembled and rewritten.

(a) The objective of the problem or the answer that you are seeking to findshould be clearly stated. This is often written as: Find: the flow rate ...

(b) Draw a diagram showing all relevant information. Often a simple box diagram showing all components entering and leaving the system allows information to be summarized in a convenient way. The system, surroundings, and system boundary should be drawn and labeled. When possible, all known quantitative information should be shown on the diagram.

(c) Set up a calculation table. The known values on your diagram, the components entering and leaving the system, form the foundation for the table. Units should be consistent across the table. The unknown components on the table (blanks) are often the desired answers. As you solve for different components, you can fill in the table. (Developing a table is optional, although useful, especially in multicomponent mass balance problems)

2. Analyze. A framework for understanding what is known and what is not known is developed at this stage.

(a) State any assumptions applied to the problem. Biological systems are extremely complex, since many processes and reactions, as well as transport of materials, are often going on simultaneously. Knowing when and where to make assumptions to simplify the system to a few salient features is the mark of an outstanding engineer. An example of an assumption is that the human forearm can be modeled as a cylinder.

(b) Collect and state any extra data. In this step, you may need to research information about a component in your system that was not given in the problem definition. An example of extra data that you may need to look up is the viscosity of plasma.

(c) List the variables and notations (symbols) adapted for the problem, and select a set of units for the problem. Typically, a choice is made to use either metric or British units throughout the problem.

[Note: The notations for variables may vary from discipline to discipline, but standard variables that are inherently understood within a subject do not always need to be listed. For example, kinetic energy is defined as EKin physics, but as T in mechanics. If you are calculating data that will be shared with coworkers of the same discipline, it is not necessary to define standard variables. Rather, variables specific to an aspect of the problem need to be defined (e.g., Fs = force of the astronaut on a chair).]

(d) State a basis of calculation. A basis is a specified input or output to a system (usually given as a flow rate or amount). In some problem statements, the basis is given. In other problems, values of components are given relative to one another and not as absolute amounts or rates. Select a basis if one is not given. Mass (Chapter 3) and energy (Chapter 4) problems often need a basis.

(e) If the problem involves chemical reaction(s), list the compounds involved and stoichiometrically balance the equation(s).

3. Calculate. Equations are developed and solved in a logical manner.

(a) Write down all appropriate accounting and/or conservation equations.Writing down the governing equations and then simplifying them by analyzing the system to eliminate unnecessary terms can be a helpful tool in solving engineering problems. For example, if asking the question, “Is this system at steady-state?” results in a positive response, the governing equation may be simplified by making the Accumulation term equal zero. This concept will be discussed further in Chapter 2. Write down any other essential equations needed to solve the problem.

(b) By applying the appropriate equations, calculate the unknown quantities. This is the heart of solving the problem and may require extensive effort. In some cases, the calculation of unknown quantities can be done sequentially. In other cases, it may be best to solve a series of equations using MATLAB or other computer software.

[Note: For a multi-unit or complex mass and energy conservation problems, a strategy to solve the problem may be required. A degree-of-freedom analysis is a systematic method to demonstrate whether a problem can be solved with the stated information and can help determine the sequence in which the equations should be solved. This process is discussed in chemical engineering textbooks (e.g., Reklaitis, Introduction to Material and Energy Balances, 1983).]

4. Finalize. Correct answers to the problem statement are stated clearly.

(a) State the answers clearly with appropriate significant figures and units. Confirm that you answered the specific questions asked by the problem

Laboratory Report Cover Sheet
DeVry University
College of Engineering and Information Sciences

Course Number: ECET301

Professor:

Laboratory Number: 3

Laboratory Title: Ethanol Production

Submittal Date: Click here to enter a date.

Write a brief technical lab report summarizing the technical facts learned from this lab. The report should be organized to provide the following:

Section 1–Introduction: An introductory/summary paragraph describing the type of conservation principle being analyzed and the key elements that will be discussed relating to this principle.

Section 2–Model: The documented model using the standard problem-solving methodology in section 1.8 of your text.

Section 3–Plot: Matlab plot with script to generate.

Section 4–Discussion: A section describing the most important characteristics shown, or demonstrate via the modeled and collected data. Also include a practical example of how the information learned in this assignment might help you in a job setting in the real world.

Section 5–Concluding Remarks: A summary statement listing the most positive aspects of the assignment and any difficulties encountered.

Lonely Planet In 1972, Tony and Maureen Wheeler were newlyweds who decided to have one last adventurous travel experience before settling down. Their trip was an overland trek from London to Australia through Asia. So many other travelers asked them about their experiences that they sat down at their kitchen table and wrote a book titled Across Asia on the Cheap. They published the book themselves and were surprised by how many copies they sold.

More than three decades and 60 million books later, their publishing enterprise has turned out to be one of the most successful in history. The Wheelers%u2019 publishing company, Lonely Planet, has grown rapidly, with typical annual sales increases of 15 percent or more. In 2007, BBC Worldwide purchased a 75 percent ownership interest in the company and purchased the rest of the company%u2019s stock in 2011.

Lonely Planet TV now produces a variety of travel and documentary programs that appear on cable networks throughout the world. As a BBC subsidiary, the company does not release sales figures, but industry analysts estimate current annual revenues to be about $110 million. Lonely Planet publishes more than 600 titles and holds a 20 percent share of the travel guide market. The company has more than 450 employees in its U.K., U.S., French, and Australian offices performing editorial, production, graphic design, and marketing tasks.

Travel guide content is written by a network of more than 200 contract authors in more than 20 countries. These authors are knowledgeable about everything from visa regulations to hotel prices to the names of the hottest new entertainment spots. The combined expertise of the in-house staff and the in- country authors has kept Lonely Planet ahead of its competitors for many years.

Lonely Planet also offers travel services that include a phone card, hotel and hostel room- booking, airplane tickets, European rail travel reservations and tickets, package tours, and travel insurance. These services are sold by telephone and on the Lonely Planet Web site. The Web site has won numerous awards, including the Society of American Travel Writers Silver Award and a spot on Time magazine%u2019s %u201CFifty Best Web Sites%u201D list.

The site was launched in 1994 and includes an online store in which Lonely Planet publications are sold. However, the site%u2019s main draws are its comprehensive collection of information about travel destinations and its online discussion area, the Thorn Tree, which has nearly a half million registered users. The company has had trouble turning any of this information into a source of revenue generation. Despite its excellent Web site and its use of new technologies, most of Lonely Planet%u2019s revenues are still generated by book sales.

The typical production cycle of a travel guide is about eight months long. This is the time it takes to commission authors, conduct research, work through several drafts of writing and editing, select photos, create the physical book, and print it. This production cycle causes new books to be almost a year out of date by the time they are published. Only the most popular titles are revised annually. Other titles are on two-, three-, or four-year revision cycles. The time delay in publication means that many details in the guides are outdated or wrong; restaurants and hotels close (or move), exchange rates and visa regulations change, and once hot night spots are abandoned by fickle clientele. Lonely Planet publications are well researched and of high quality, but the writers do not work continually because the books are not published continually.

The Web site often has information that is more current than the published travel guides. The site%u2019s online shop does offer some custom guides, which are parts of its existing travel guides packaged in different ways, and it does let customers buy specific chapters from its books, but it still is largely focused on selling books, although the site does offer PDF files that can be downloaded to mobile devices. Lonely Planet has adopted some new technologies, but has not used them to change its revenue model in any major way or to make basic changes in the production of its main product, the travel guides.

Required: 1. Review the company%u2019s offerings for Apple iPhone and iPad products and for Android smart phones (Trippy). Evaluate those products and identify opportunities for other products or services that the company could offer for mobile devices that would take advantage of Internet technologies (including wireless technologies for mobile devices) and address customers%u2019 concerns about the timeliness and currency of information in the printed travel guides.

2. Prepare a report in which you analyze the marketing channel conflicts and cannibalization issues that Lonely Planet faces as it is currently operating. Suggest solutions that might reduce the revenue losses or operational frictions that result from these issues.