APK 3110C Study Guide - Midterm Guide: Fruit Preserves, Myocyte, Lactic Acid
6 May 2018
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APK 3110C
Test 3 Study Guide
The Overload Principle
o a muscle acting against a resistance normally not encountered- unaccustomed stress
Specificity principle of VO2max
o Aerobic training is needed to improve VO2max specifically
Changed induced by anaerobic training (energy availability)
Anaerobic power training adaptations
• Increased anaerobic substrate levels
o ATP, PCr, Free creatine and glycogen
• Increased capacity to generate and tolerate high levels of blood lactate during all-out
effort
o Increased levels of glycogen and glycolytic enzymes
o Improved pain tolerance and motivation
o No evidence of an increase in buffering capacity
Physiological changes in metabolism, cardiovascular and pulmonary systems after aerobic
training- at rest, submaximal intensity and maximal intensity exercise:
Physiological changes in Metabolism after Aerobic Training
• Larger and more mitochondria
o Increases capacity to generate ATP aerobically
o Increased enzyme activity
• At rest
o Fat Metabolism
▪ Increased FA oxidation
• Conserves glycogen which enhances endurance capacity
• Submaximal Intensity
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o Fat Metabolism
▪ Increased FA oxidation
• Conserves glycogen which enhances endurance capacity
o Carbohydrate Metabolism
▪ Decreased CHO used as fuel
• Decreases glucose production and use
o Training enhances hepatic gluconeogenic capacity which
increases your resistance to hypoglycemia during
endurance exercise
• Maximal intensity
o Carbohydrate Metabolism
▪ Improved CHO oxidation
Physiological Changes in Cardiovascular System after Aerobic Training
• At rest
o Greater left ventricular end diastolic volumes
o Plasma volume increased
o Bradycardia
o Stroke volume is increased
• Submaximal Intensity
o Greater left ventricular end diastolic volumes
o Bradycardia
▪ 12-15 bpm lower during submaximal exercise
o stroke volume is increased
o Cardiac output is decreased after training
▪ Oxygen needs are met by increasing oxygen extraction at muscle
• Maximal intensity
o Greater left ventricular end diastolic volumes
o Stroke volume is increased
o Cardiac output is increased
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find more resources at oneclass.com
Physiological changes in Pulmonary System after Aerobic Training
• At rest
• Submaximal Intensity
o Increased tidal volume and decreased breathing frequency
o Reduced energy cost of breathing
▪ This is because oxygen consumption by ventilatory muscles is decreased
• Maximal intensity
o Increased tidal volume and breathing rate
▪ This means your ventilation as maximum oxygen consumption increased
because you need to eliminate extra carbon dioxide
Substrate utilization, blood flow, stroke volume, cardiac output, blood pressure, heart rate,
plasma volume (and what this change causes), a-vO2 difference
Substrate Utilization
• After aerobic training, you use less energy from carbohydrates and more energy from fat
Blood Flow
• Submaximal Exercise
o Reduced muscle blood flow
o Less blood flow is needed to meet tissues oxygen needs
• Maximal exercise
o Increased total skeletal muscle blood flow
o Increased cardiac output
o Redistribution of blood to active muscles
Stroke Volume
• Increased during rest and exercise by endurance training
• And increase in plasma volume and LV causes and increase in Stroke volume
• Greatest increase is the transition from at rest to moderate exercise
• An untrained person has a smaller increase in stroke volume so their increase in heart rate
is what drives their increase in cardiac output
• A trained persons heart rate and stroke volume both increase during exercise which
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
The overload principle: a muscle acting against a resistance normally not encountered- unaccustomed stress. Specificity principle of vo2max: aerobic training is needed to improve vo2max specifically. Increased anaerobic substrate levels: atp, pcr, free creatine and glycogen. Increased capacity to generate and tolerate high levels of blood lactate during all-out effort: increased levels of glycogen and glycolytic enzymes, improved pain tolerance and motivation, no evidence of an increase in buffering capacity. Physiological changes in metabolism, cardiovascular and pulmonary systems after aerobic training- at rest, submaximal intensity and maximal intensity exercise: Physiological changes in metabolism after aerobic training: larger and more mitochondria, increases capacity to generate atp aerobically, increased enzyme activity, at rest, fat metabolism. Increased fa oxidation: submaximal intensity, conserves glycogen which enhances endurance capacity, fat metabolism. Substrate utilization, blood flow, stroke volume, cardiac output, blood pressure, heart rate, plasma volume (and what this change causes), a-vo2 difference.
