PSY 3213C Study Guide - Midterm Guide: Anagram, Internal Validity, Confounding
Document Summary
The color red is associated with: avoidance, caution, stop: elliot et. al 2007 thought that this might affect education. In the way that students . : may approach goals (+, avoidance to goals (-) Red marks for corrections on assignments/grades may cause anxiety or cause students to do worse. Experiment: students were given anagram such as krnid=drink. Results: when id numbers were printed in red, students did worse: correct anagrams in black: almost 6, correct anagrams in green: around 5. 5, correct anagrams in red: less than 4. 5. They tried using different color booklets (instead of id numbers this time: study 2 the dependent variable was anagrams, study 3 the dependent variable was analogies (vocabulary, study 4 the dependent variable was math problems solved. Therefore, does it pass the 3 tests of causal claims: covariance, temporal precedence, internal validity. Therefore, yes he can claim that color caused these effects.
