BIOL 211- Final Exam Guide - Comprehensive Notes for the exam ( 38 pages long!)

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29 Mar 2018
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What is a cell: the (cid:862)(cid:271)uildi(cid:374)g (cid:271)lo(cid:272)ks(cid:863) of all life. Cells include: plasma membrane, cell wall, nucleus (or other organelles, cytoplasm. Reproduction is a key characteristic that distinguishes living things from non-living things: cute picture of mama lemur and baby lemur. Important roles of cell division: reproduction, mitosis, cells are complex things, cell division is a complex process- dna, organelles ect. Interphase: 3 sub-phases, cell growth in g1, s and g2 phases, chromosomes duplicate only in the s phase. Prophase: chromatin coils to form chromosomes, mitotic spindle begins to form, centrosomes move away from one other. Prometaphase: nuclear envelope breaks up, kinetochores forms on chromatids, microtubules from centrosome attach to kinetochores. Metaphase: the longest stage of mitosis, chromosomes are aligned mid-cell(metaphase plate) by microtubules. Anaphase: shortest stage of mitosis, state begins when the sister chromatids are pulled apart by kinetochore microtubules.

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