BIOL 2160 Study Guide - Midterm Guide: Cardiac Muscle Cell, Connective Tissue, Homeostasis
5 Apr 2018
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Physiology vs. anatomy: anatomy st(cid:396)u(cid:272)tu(cid:396)e (cid:862)(cid:449)hat it is(cid:863) Levels of physiological organization: molecules (atp, water, neurotransmitter receptors) Tissue (nervous tissue, muscle tissue: organs (heart, liver, organ systems (cardiovascular, gastrointestinal) Four major cell/tissue types: neurons/nervous tissue specialized for sending and receiving information, motor neurons, cortical interneurons, etc, muscle cells/muscle tissue specialized for contraction, cardiac myocytes, skeletal muscle, etc. Epithelial cells/epithelial tissue found on organs, glands, and lining body cavities. Intestinal epithelial cells: endocrine glands secrete molecules (usually hormones) directly into the blood stream (ex. pancreatic and thymus glands, exocrine glands utilize a duct. Secrete molecules into a body cavity, or to the exterior of the body (ex. stomach, salivary, sweat glands) Connective tissue cells characterized by very few cells and lots of extracellular materials: bone cells, blood cells, fat cells, etc, most diverse. Homeostasis: homeostasis the ability to maintain a relatively stable internal environment despite fluctuations in the external environment, balanced and stable; everything but constant.
