PSYC 2060 : Study Guide 10
2060 EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY - STUDY GUIDE CHAPTER 10
Define motivation.
• the influence of needs and desires on the intensity and direction of behavior
When is praise effective? When is any other potential reinforcer effective?
• The reinforcing value of most potential reinforcers is largely determined by personal or
situational factors
• The motivation to engage in one activity might depend in large part on the intensity of
motivation to engage in alternative actions
What is Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs?
• A theory in psychology, proposed by Abraham Maslow
• often portrayed in the shape of a pyramid, with the largest and most fundamental levels of
needs at the bottom, and the need for self-actualization at the top.
Why are needs in the lower part of the hierarchy so important?
• Needs that are lower in the hierarchy must be at least partially satisfied before a person will
try to satisfy higher level needs
What are Deficiency Needs?
• basic requirements for physical and psychological well being (physiological needs, safety
needs, belongingness and love needs, esteem needs)
Growth Needs?
• needs for knowing, appreciating, and understanding, which people try to satisfy after their
basic needs are met (need to know and understand, aesthetic needs, self actualization
need); these can never be satisfied
Physiological Needs?
• Breathing, food, water, sex, sleep, homestasis, excretion
Know the five basic levels of Needs and their order on the hierarchy.
1. Physiological
2. Safety
3. Love/belonging
4. Esteem
5. Self-actualization
What is Self-Actualization?
• a person’s ability to develop his or her full potential; few accomplish this according to
Maslow
Define Attribution Theory.
• theory of motivation that focuses on how people explain the causes of their own successes
and failures
What are three attributional characteristics of the cause of success or failure? Know how to identify
examples.
1. Internal or external
a. Example: Student turns in papers late
i. Internal: I’m lazy and irresponsible
ii. External: family problems, working a lot, girlfriend
2. Stable or unstable
a. Example- Student fails swimming test
i. Stable- student never learned how to swim and is afraid to try
Document Summary
2060 educational psychology - study guide chapter 10. Define motivation. the influence of needs and desires on the intensity and direction of behavior. A theory in psychology, proposed by abraham maslow: often portrayed in the shape of a pyramid, with the largest and most fundamental levels of needs at the bottom, and the need for self-actualization at the top. Why are needs in the lower part of the hierarchy so important: needs that are lower in the hierarchy must be at least partially satisfied before a person will try to satisfy higher level needs. What are deficiency needs: basic requirements for physical and psychological well being (physiological needs, safety needs, belongingness and love needs, esteem needs) Growth needs: needs for knowing, appreciating, and understanding, which people try to satisfy after their basic needs are met (need to know and understand, aesthetic needs, self actualization need); these can never be satisfied. Physiological needs: breathing, food, water, sex, sleep, homestasis, excretion.
