ISA 235 Midterm: Exam 2 Study Guide
28 Jun 2018
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ISA 235C Exam 2
11/15/13
Chapter 7: Organization and IS
Scope Example Characteristics
Personal Drug Salesperson Single user; informal procedures; isolated problems; easy
change
Workgroup Physician partners 10-100 users; procedures understood within group;
solutions within group; sort of difficult to change
Enterprise Hospital 100-1000 users; formal procedures; solutions affect
enterprise; difficult to change
Inter-
Enterprise
PRIDE system 1000+ users; formal procedures; solutions affect multiple
organizations; difficult to change
1. Information Silo- data is isolated into separated IS. Happens when entities at one level
create IS that meets their needs only. Creates Problems!
a. Data integrity- data duplication or inconsistency
b. Disjointed processes
c. Limited information and lack of integrated information
d. Inefficiencies due to isolated decisions
e. Increased expense as a result of the 4 above
2. Enterprise systems- 1980s-1990s development of these systems enabled stronger, faster,
more effective linkage among value chains
a. Lead to business processes reengineering: altering and designing business processes
to take advantage of new IS. Difficult to do, slow, expensive
b. Inherent processes- predesigned procedures for using the software products. Saved
them from BPRE
3. 3 categories emerged: customer relationship management, enterprise resource planning,
enterprise application integration
a. CRM- suite of applications, a database, and processes for managing interactions with
customers. customer-centric.
a.i. Customer life cycle: marketing, customer acquisition, relationship
management, loss/churn.
b. ERP- consolidates business operations into a single, consistent, computing platform.
b.i. Functions of CRM with accounting, manufacturing, inventory, HR. Forecasts
sales. SAP reader of ERP vendors.
c. EAI- integrates existing systems by providing layers of software. Connects
applications together for those nonmanufacturing businesses.
c.i. Connects islands via new layers of software, Enables existing applications to
communicate and share data, Provides integrated information, Leverages
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existing systems-integration layer, Enables them to move toward ERP
gradually
c.ii. No centralized database- keeps metadata
4. Struggles with new enterprise systems
a. Collaborative management- develops committees for providing enterprise process
management. NO boss
b. Requirement gaps- not perfect fits. Identify, plan, change process or application
c. Transition problems
d. Employee resistance- threatens self-efficacies- belief that he or she can be successful
at his or her job.
5. Distributed systems- processes are distributed across multiple computing devices.
Chapter Extension 9: ERP Systems
1. ERP- applications called modules, a database, and a set of processes for consolidating
business operations
2. ERP system- information system based on ERP technology, INTEGRATES purchasing, HR,
production, sales, and accounting.
3. True ERP products include: supply chain, manufacturing, CRM, HR, accounting
4. Large organizational databases have 2 types of code:
a. Trigger- computer program stored within a database that runs to keep consistency
b. Stored procedure- computer program stored in database that enforces business
rules. 100s or 1000s of procedure.
c. Process blueprints- inherent processes defined
5. Train the trainer- super users train people to help others
a. How to implement- resistance transformation
b. How to use software- steps for apps
Chapter Extension 10: Supply Chain Management
1. Inter-enterprise IS- shared by 2 or more independent organizations. Example: retailer,
customer, credit card charge for a sale. Automated Clearing House (ACH), system among
banks
2. Supply chain- network of organizations and facilities that transforms raw materials into
products delivered to customers. (Supplier to manufacturer to distributor to retailers to
customers) Drivers:
a. Facilities- location, size, operations methodology of places where products are
fabricated, assembled, or stored
b. Inventories- materials in the supply chain, raw materials, in progress work, finished
goods.
c. Transportation- movement of materials in supply chain
d. Information- how request, respond, and inform
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d.i.1. Purpose- transactional, availability- organization share
information, means- refers to methods by which information is
transmitted
3. Supply chain profitability- difference between sum of revenue generated by supply chain
and sum of costs that all organizations in a supply chain incur profitability.
4. Bullwhip- phenomenon in which variability in the size and timing of orders increases at each
stage up the supply chain
a. Eliminate by giving all participants in supply chain access to consumer-demand
information from retailer
5. Information systems are good for supply chain performance because they expand supply
chain speed ($ value of goods exchanged), reduce costs of buying and selling, increase
speed, decrease size and cost inventories, improve delivery scheduling, fix bullwhip effect,
do not optimize supply profitability
Chapter 8: Social Media Information Systems
1. Social media- use of it to support sharing content among network of users. Enables
formation of communities, tribes, or hive
a. User communities- formed based on mutual interests, transcend familial,
geographic, and organization boundaries
a.i. Viral hook- inducement. Prize or reward for passing communications
along through tiers.
b. SM sponsors- companies and other organizations that choose to support a
presence of one or more SM sites.
c. SM application providers- companies that operate SM sites.
Facebook/Twitter/Pinterest
2. SMIS Components
Component Role/Description
Hardware Users: any device
SM Sponsor: any device
Application Providers: elastic, cloud–based servers
Software Users: browser, iOS, other applications
SM Sponsor: browser, application tools
Application Providers: No SQL or other DBMS
Data Users: user-generated; connection data
SM Sponsor: sponsor content
Application Providers: storage and rapid retrieval. Content and connect data
Procedures Users: informal
SM Sponsor: create, manage, remove content; extract value from C and C data
Application Providers: run and maintain application
People Users: adaptive (irrational)
SM Sponsor: key users
Application Providers: staff to run and maintain application
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Document Summary
Single user; informal procedures; isolated problems; easy change. 10-100 users; procedures understood within group; solutions within group; sort of difficult to change. 100-1000 users; formal procedures; solutions affect enterprise; difficult to change. 1000+ users; formal procedures; solutions affect multiple organizations; difficult to change. Information silo- data is isolated into separated is. Happens when entities at one level create is that meets their needs only. Creates problems: data integrity- data duplication or inconsistency, disjointed processes c. Inherent processes- predesigned procedures for using the software products. Saved them from bpre: 3 categories emerged: customer relationship management, enterprise resource planning, enterprise application integration, crm- suite of applications, a database, and processes for managing interactions with customers. customer-centric. a. i. Customer life cycle: marketing, customer acquisition, relationship management, loss/churn: erp- consolidates business operations into a single, consistent, computing platform. b. i. Functions of crm with accounting, manufacturing, inventory, hr. Sap reader of erp vendors: eai- integrates existing systems by providing layers of software.
