BIOL 121 Study Guide - Final Guide: Bacilli, Gram-Negative Bacteria, Peptidoglycan
Document Summary
Tree of life all living things are related via common ancestry: bacteria majority of prokaryotes. Concept 1: structural & functional adaptions contribute to prokaryotic success (earths first organisms likely were prokaryotes: prokaryotes. Spirals: antibiotics target peptidoglycan & damage bacterial cell walls. Gram negative bacteria: antibiotic resistant: capsule polysaccharide or protein layer that covers prokaryotes i. ii. iii. Composed of a motor, hook, and filament. Evolved as proteins added to ancestral secretory system: exaption: existing structures take on new functions through. Prokaryotic genomes (circular chromosomes) have less dna than. Eukaryotic: chromosomes not surrounded by membrane but located in. Bacteria also have small dna rings called plasmids. Genetic material exchange: transformation: bacteria takes in dna fragments released by another cell, transduction: virus carries bacterial dna from one bacterial cell to another, conjugation: two cells of different mating types exchange genetic iv. v. material. Produce insulin & other hormone treatments: archaea share some trails with bacteria & others with eukaryotes.
