HM 365 Study Guide - Midterm Guide: Extraversion And Introversion, Situation Two, Conscientiousness
7 Jun 2018
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Hospitality Management 365 Exam #2 Study Guide
Managerial Styles and Performance Management
1. What are the four types of manages described by Newman? What are the four
types of crewmembers? What are the needs and values of these different
crewmembers?
a. Managers:
i. Mechanical → no emotion, like a robot, very hands off, going
through the motions
ii. Toxic → sarcasm / rude / disrespectful
iii. Relationship → building connections
iv. Performance → relationship and getting work done *best
management style*
b. Crewmembers
i. Survival → entry level work, have no other option, need the money
ii. Way station → on to something better after this job, current job is
stepping stone
iii. Aimless → do not know what the next step is
iv. Career → have a full time job in this career
2. What is a micromanager? As discussed in class, what are the factors that
increase one’s tendency to be a micromanager?
a. A micro manager is someone who is constantly on top of employee’s,
judging them for the things they did
b. People who have higher preference for control, familiarity, solitary work
are more likely to micromanager
3. Explain how effective goals should be SMART.
a. Specific → simple, sensible, signification
b. Measurable → meaningful, motivational
c. Achievable → agreed, attainable
d. Result based → reasonable
e. Time bound → time based
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4. What is the hot stove rule? Explain each component of the rule
a. Be appropriately strong
b. Do it immediately
c. Make it impractical
d. Be consistent
i. The rule draws an analogy between touching a hot stove and
undergoing discipline
5. What is the fundamental attribution error?
a. Our tendency to explain someone’s behavior based on internal factors,
such as personality or disposition and to underestimate the influence that
external factors have on another person’s behavior
6. Describe the following types of reinforcement: positive reinforcement, negative
reinforcement, punishment (positive punishment), and extinction (negative
punishment). Provide examples of each
a. Positive reinforcement → provide something desirable after wanted
behavior. Example: reward, praise
b. Negative reinforcement → taking away something undesirable after
wanted behavior. Example: not yelling, not punishing
c. Positive punishment → providing something undesirable after unwanted
behavior, adding something to stop bad behavior. Example: yelling,
saying no
d. Negative punishment (extinction) → taking away something desirable after
unwanted behavior. Example: not clapping, not rewarding
7. Explain the following schedules of reinforcement: continuous, fixed interval,
variable interval, fixed ratio, and variable ratio
a. Continuous → all the time
b. Fixed interval → after set period of time / period / regular schedule. Fixed
time period
c. Variable interval → no fixed plan / random time period / variable time
period
d. Fixed ratio → fixed number of desired behaviors or output, after 100,000
sales
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e. Variable ratio → variable number of desired behaviors or output
Teams
1. What are the four stages of team development?
a. Stage One: Forming → team forms, trying to figure out things, skill sets,
challenging
b. Stage Two: Storming → bad things, lots of noise, not the best stage,
people begin to argue, debate
c. Stage Three: Norming → who’s responsible for what tasks
d. Stage Four: Performing → complete the task
2. What are the four types of task interdependence? When is each best?
a. Pooled interdependence → nobody is really working together and doing
their own thing
b. Sequential → typical assembly line, step by step, moving down line
c. Reciprocal → typical assembly line, step by step, moving down the line
d. Comprehensive → everyone is talking, moving back and forth
i. Hard to be comprehensive because it requires a lot of cohesion,
scheduling, avoiding conflict
3. What personality characteristics are needed in teams? Articulate the relevance
of the Big Five for team effectiveness.
a. Conscientiousness (dependable)
b. Agreeableness (cooperative)
c. Extraversion (positive, excited by people)
4. What is the value-in-diversity problem-solving approach? What is the similarity-
attraction approach?
a. Value in diversity approach → large pool of knowledge and perspectives
b. Similarity-attraction approach → people that are alike understand each
other vs those who are not alike
5. What is the difference between surface-level diversity and deep-level diversity?
Which type is better and when?
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find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
What are the needs and values of these different crewmembers: managers, mechanical no emotion, like a robot, very hands off, going through the motions. Explain each component of the rule: be appropriately strong, do it immediately, make it impractical, be consistent. Provide examples of each: positive reinforcement provide something desirable after wanted behavior. Example: reward, praise: negative reinforcement taking away something undesirable after wanted behavior. Example: not yelling, not punishing: positive punishment providing something undesirable after unwanted behavior, adding something to stop bad behavior. Example: yelling, saying no: negative punishment (extinction) taking away something desirable after unwanted behavior. Initiator-contributor gets shit done: devil"s advocate questions / gives opposing views, team building roles, encourager, harmonizer, compromiser. Follower: individualistic roles, aggressor wants to take all the credit, dominator, blocker, recognition seeker, self confessor, slacker, what are the different sources of conflict in teams, conflict can take place in many shapes and forms in groups.
