[BIOL 11100] - Final Exam Guide - Ultimate 43 pages long Study Guide!

• School: Purdue University
• Department: Biological Sciences
• Course: BIOL 11100
• Professor: Anderson Athena

Document Summary

Discovery of dna structure: 1920s: frederick griffith- transformation, 1940s: avery, macleod, mccarty, dna transformer, 1950s: a big decade, chase & hershey- dna, not proteins, erwin chargaff- a:t, c:g, rosalind franklin- helix, watson & crick- double helix. Dna replication: happens before mitosis, essential for new cells, structure of dna allows copying. Overview: starts at origin of replication, semi-conservative, proteins recognize, bubble formed replication fork. Enzymes initiate : helicase- unzip, single-strand binding proteins- hold, topoisomerase- relax. Process continues : primase- primer, dna polymerase- nucleotides, leading strand- continuous, lagging strand- okazaki fragments, dna ligase. Confusing terminology: asexual reproduction: 1 2 whole, no gametes, binary fission: unicellular, mitosis: 1 2 cells, no gametes. Binary fission: asexual reproduction: clones, bacteria, single chromosome, simplifies, also in single-celled eukaryotes. Other asexual reproduction: budding-hydra, runners- strawberries, rhizomes-aspens, parthenogenesis-rotifers, lizards, fragmentation- seastars. There are two types of reproduction: asexual and sexual. Asexual reproduction results in the formation of two whole organisms without the use of gametes.