SOC 101 Study Guide - Final Guide: Peggy Mcintosh, Auguste Comte, Hegemonic Masculinity
SOC-101 Final Exam Study Guide (Choi)
RACE, RACISM, PRIVILEGE, WHITENESS
➔Hegemonic Masculinity
◆Legitimizes man’s role over women in the world
◆Male qualities are elevated in importance
➔Heteronormativity
◆Worldview that favors straight people
➔Male Privilege
◆Rights only available to men simply because they are men
➔Discrimination
◆Colorism is discrimination based on skin color
➔Prejudice
◆WOMEN CANNOT BE SEXIST!
●Unless power difference is made within major institutions
●Women do not have the power to exercise acts
➔Racism
◆READ White Privilege and Male Privilege by Peggy McIntosh
●
◆Institutionalized Racism
●Reflects and produces racial inequalities in society
●Racism is embedded into institutions
➔Stereotypes
◆Generalizations about a group of people based on race
◆Ex: All Asians are good at math
➔Phrenology
◆Measuring skills
◆Study of the cranium
➔Affirmative Action
◆A policy or program providing advantages for people of a minority group who are
seen to have traditionally been discriminated against
◆Creating a society through preferential access to education, employment,
healthcare, social welfare, etc
THEORIES/THEORISTS
➔Auguste Comte
◆Law of Three Stages (Explains where knowledge came from over time)
●1. Theological Stage: Religious beliefs
●2. Metaphysical Stage: Natural Law
(Philosophy and Rules of Human
Nature)
●3. Positive Stage: Science
➔Emile Durkheim: Hierarchy and Social Order (FUNCTIONALISM)
◆Believed that DOL created interdependence through shared production
◆Believed that social order was the most
important part of society
◆Maintain social order and hierarchy was functional and provided stability
◆2 Types of Societies
◆Mechanical Solidarity
●Everyone knows everyone
●DOL is low; SU is high
●Repressive law
◆Organic Solidarity
●DOL is high; SU is low
●Restitutive law
●Diversity is high
➔Max Weber: Authority and Disenchantment
◆3 Types of Authority
●Charismatic: authority linked to individual’s personality
●Traditional: reasons should apply to everyone equally
●Rational-Legal: authority lies with position, NOT individual
◆Bureaucracy
●Believed that the traditional way of organizing society was stupid because
it does not reflect all the talents that people have; Similar to meritocracy
◆Concept of Disenchantment
●Emphasizes the opposed roles of science and religion
●Science understanding is more highly valued than belief
MARX, CAPITALISM, POVERTY
➔Important Key Concepts
◆Capital is the expansion of wealth
◆Commodity is anything we put monetary value in
◆Wages are how much money an individual makes
➔How Marx Defines Class
◆Bourgeoisie: people who OWN means of production
◆Prolatierit: people who BENEFIT from production; working class
Document Summary
Legitimizes man"s role over women in the world. Rights only available to men simply because they are men. Colorism is discrimination based on skin color. Unless power difference is made within major institutions. Women do not have the power to exercise acts. Read white privilege and male privilege by peggy mcintosh. Reflects and produces racial inequalities in society. Generalizations about a group of people based on race. Ex: all asians are good at math. A policy or program providing advantages for people of a minority group who are seen to have traditionally been discriminated against. Creating a society through preferential access to education, employment, healthcare, social welfare, etc. Law of three stages ( explains where knowledge came from over time) Metaphysical stage: natural law (philosophy and rules of human. Emile durkheim: hierarchy and social order (functionalism) Believed that dol created interdependence through shared production. Believed that social order was the most important part of society.
