MIC 401LEC Study Guide - Midterm Guide: Pilus, Cell Envelope, Glycan
9 Mar 2020
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Prokaryotes: early nucleus bacteria & algae. Eukaryotes: true nucleus animals & fungi. Similar in metabolic reactions chemically similar; differ in complexity & structure. Structures of prokaryotic cell: appendages flagellum, fimbriae, common pili, sex pilus, cell envelope glycocalyx, cell wall, cell membrane, cytoplasm cell pool, nucleoid, ribosomes, plasmids, inclusion granules & bodies, endospores. Flagellum: long hair like appendages composed of the protein flagellin used for true directed movement influenced by positive and negative chemotaxis vs. brownian motion not all bacteria have flagellum motile vs. non motile. Fimbriae/common pilli: fine bristle like fibers composed of the protein pilin used for- found on the surface of bacteria terminal ends are called adhesins fimbriae 100s vs. pili 1-3. Sex pilus: longer pili used for bacterial conjugation rigid hollow tubular structure used to transfer dna limiting factor is the proximity of the two cells. Cell envelope: outer wrapping of the membrane viscous sticky gelatinous layer composed of polysaccharide protein mix protection (environment, water/nutrient loss)
