PSY 212 Study Guide - Final Guide: Dementia Praecox, Psychomotor Retardation, Dissociative Identity Disorder
Exam 4: Study Guide
Ch 14/15: Schizophrenia and other Psychotic Disorders
❖ Psychotic Disorders
➢ What are psychotic disorders?
■ Characterized by unusual thinking, distorted perceptions, and odd
behaviors
■ Psychosis: a severe mental condition characterized by a loss of
contact with reality
■ Delusion: a false belief eg. Believing you’re the queen
● Common themes of a delusion:
◆ Erotomanic: Another individual, usually of higher
status, is in love with the person (sometimes found
among “celebrity stalkers”)
◆ Grandiose: The person has feelings of inflated worth,
power, knowledge, identity or special relationships to
a deity or famous person
◆ Jealous: The person’s sexual partner is unfaithful
◆ Persecutory: The person (or someone close to them)
is being mistreated
◆ Somatic: The person has a medical condition or
physical defect for which no medical cause can be
found
■ Hallucination:
● A false sensory perception
● Hearing or seeing something that isn’t there
➢ What is schizophrenia?
■ Severe psychological disorder characterized by disorganization in
thought, perception, and behavior
■ First defined over 100 years ago by German psychiatrist Emil
Kraepelin
● Dementia praecox
● Dementia (pervasive disturbances of perceptual and
cognitive faculties)
● Praecox (early life onset)
■ Schizophrenia versus DID (dissociative identity disorder)
● Schizophrenics do not have multiple personalities
➢ Symptoms categories
■ Positive symptoms
● Delusions
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◆ Persecutory
➢ Most common
➢ Individual believes someone is attempting to
harm them
◆ Reference
➢ Attach personal and special meanings with
coincidence
➢ Watching the TV and believing the news
reporter is sending only them a secret
message
◆ Grandeur
➢ Believing you are of special importance eg.
fame
◆ Control
➢ Belief that others control your behaviours or
thoughts
➢ Believe that they can control things eg.
Objects, thoughts, behaviours
● Disorganized thinking and speech
◆ Loose associations
➢ Thoughts do not connect
◆ Neologisms
➢ Made up words
➢ Coining or use of new words
◆ Perseveration
➢ Repeating the same thing over and over again
◆ clang associations
➢ speech follows a pattern eg. Rhyme, or eg.
Words that begin with sh
● Heightened perception and hallucinations
◆ Auditory
➢ MOST COMMON
➢ Hear voices that other people can’t hear
◆ Tactile
➢ Feeling something that isn’t thereà neurological
◆ Somatic
➢ feeling something that isn’t there
➢ bodily symptoms eg. Stomach is rotting out
◆ Visual
➢ seeing something that isn’t there
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◆ Gustatory
➢ tasting something that isn’t there
◆ olfactory
➢ smelling something that isn’t there
● Inappropriate affect
◆ Emotional expressions not harmonious with situation
◆ Eg. A woman smiles and appears unperturbed as she
describes how she was abducted
■ Negative symptoms
● Alogia
◆ Inability to speak because of mental defect, confusion
or aphasia
◆ Decrease in quality or quantity of speech
● Flat affect: don’t show any emotion when speaking,
monotone, emotionless
◆ Severe reduction in emotional expressiveness
● Anhedonia: not being able to feel any happiness or joy from
the things around you
● Avolition
◆ Lack of motivation
● Ambivalence
◆ Refuse to change
● Social withdrawal
➢ Impairment
■ Psychomotor Symptoms of Schizophrenia
● Psychomotor retardation
◆ Ability to respond decrease à not as proficient
● Awkward movements or gestures
● Catatonia
◆ Catatonic stupor (remain motionless), rigidity (rigid
posture while not moving), posturing (bizarre posture
but not moving), and excitement (moving but in an
excited, excessive way, but still not responsive)
● Thought blocking
◆ Just stop speaking, ie. Mid conversation
● Catatonia and waxy flexibility
◆ is a psychomotor symptom of catatonia as associated
with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, or other mental
disorders which leads to a decreased response to
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Document Summary
Characterized by unusual thinking, distorted perceptions, and odd behaviors. Psychosis: a severe mental condition characterized by a loss of contact with reality. Delusion: a false belief eg. believing you"re the queen. Erotomanic: another individual, usually of higher status, is in love with the person (sometimes found among celebrity stalkers ) Grandiose: the person has feelings of inflated worth, power, knowledge, identity or special relationships to a deity or famous person. Jealous: the person"s sexual partner is unfaithful. Persecutory: the person (or someone close to them) is being mistreated. Somatic: the person has a medical condition or physical defect for which no medical cause can be found. Hearing or seeing something that isn"t there. Severe psychological disorder characterized by disorganization in thought, perception, and behavior. First defined over 100 years ago by german psychiatrist emil. Dementia (pervasive disturbances of perceptual and cognitive faculties) Individual believes someone is attempting to harm them.
