BIO 110 Study Guide - Midterm Guide: Neuroglia, Cortisol, Voltage-Gated Potassium Channel
Document Summary
Innate immunity: nonspecific, used against many organisms. Barriers (1st defense), phagocytic cells (2nd defense) Lysozyme: protease that breaks down bacterial cell walls. Nonspecific second defenses once pathogens penetrate surfaces. Activation of defensive cells and secretion of defensive proteins. Phagocytes recognize pathogenic cells and ingest them by phagocytosis. Inflammation: isolates damage and recruits immune cells against pathogen. Allergic reaction: non-self molecule binds to mast cells causing release of histamine and inflammation. Autoimmune disease: immune system fails to distinguish between self and non-self, attacking itself. Types of white blood cells: phagocytes and lymphocytes. Phagocytes: large cells that engulf pathogens and other substances (involved in innate immunity) Lymphocytes: b and t cells that are involved in adaptive immunity. B cells: make antibodies that are secreted into blood. T cells: receptors that bind to specific antigens. Make similar proteins embedded in membrane that can recognize antigens by binding to proteins on surface of cell. Has unique receptor that binds to specific antigen.
