BIS 2A Study Guide - Final Guide: Gibbs Free Energy, Oxidizing Agent, Molar Concentration

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18 Jan 2018
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Single cells and (just a little ) multi-cellularity. Ex: cant take cream out of coffee. Things spontaneously move in the direction of more entropy. There are more ways to be disorganized than to be organized. Entropy of an isolated system can only increase. Heat and light pass in and out, but atoms and molecules don"t. Chemical reactions are often running constantly , but at a nonequilibrium steady rate. Concludes with a perfectly filled outer shell. Each electron attached to the other atom"s nucleus. Electrons unequally shared if partners differ in electronegativity. Greater the electronegativity = greater ability to attract electrons. More protons = greater attractive force for electrons. Bonding orbitals = outer shell close to nucleus. Covalent bond formation can also involve redox. Water has lower potential energy than mix of h and o. H"s electron is now spending more time with a more electronegative atom o. Oxidation = lost of 1 or more electrons.

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