PSC 140 Study Guide - Final Guide: Birth Weight, Teratology, Prenatal Development
● General theories of development - especially how they stand on issues of nature
(biology) vs. nurture (environment)
● General research methods and designs
○ Cross - sectional:
○ Longitudinal:
○ Cohort-sequential:
○ Experimental vs. observational
● Control group vs. experimental group
● Correlational vs. causal relations
● Genetic transmission (ex: mitosis, meiosis, laws of genetic inheritence)
● How many chromosomes does each (typical) sperm or ovum contain?
● How many chromosomes in a zygote?
● Stages of prenatal development & key developments in each
● Cephalocaudal & proximodistal patterns of growth
● Principles of teratogenic effects
● Effects of teratogens - smoking, drugs, alcohol
● 3 stages of birth (what is starting point & the endpoint of each stage?)
● Infant reflexes (Moro, Babinski, Rooting)
● Temperament dimensions
● Effects of prematurity on development
● Effects of low birth weight & criteria for low birth weight
● Theoreis of attachemtn & types of attachment
● Stability of attachment over time
● Predictive value of attachment classifications ( ex: what developemtnal outcomes does
being securely vs. insecurely attached in infancy predict for later in childhood?)
● Infant research methods (especially habituation, preferential looking, high amplitude
sucking technique)
● Age social smiling starts & why (relation to development of brain & visual system)
● Imitation in infancy & early childhood
● Age children typically start to engage in basic pretend play
● Primary vs. secondary intersubjectivity (DON’T get confused w/ primary vs. secondary
circular reactions - Piaget)
● Development of sense of self around 18 - 24 months (ex: rouge test, sense of standards)
● Language development
○ Theories of language development
○ Stages of communicative development (ex: cooing, babbling, etc.)
○ Developmetn of grammar & common “errors” in early language (ex:
overregularization of - ed)
○ Markman’s cognitive principles that aid word learning ( ex: whole object,
categorizing, mutual exclusivity)
● Piaget & cognitive development (be familiar w/ the types of thinking in each stage:
Sensorimotor, pre- operational, concrete operational)
○ Key terms
Document Summary
General theories of development - especially how they stand on issues of nature (biology) vs. nurture (environment) Genetic transmission (ex: mitosis, meiosis, laws of genetic inheritence) Stages of prenatal development & key developments in each. Effects of teratogens - smoking, drugs, alcohol. 3 stages of birth (what is starting point & the endpoint of each stage?) Effects of low birth weight & criteria for low birth weight. Theoreis of attachemtn & types of attachment. Predictive value of attachment classifications ( ex: what developemtnal outcomes does being securely vs. insecurely attached in infancy predict for later in childhood?) Infant research methods (especially habituation, preferential looking, high amplitude sucking technique) Age social smiling starts & why (relation to development of brain & visual system) Age children typically start to engage in basic pretend play. Primary vs. secondary intersubjectivity (don"t get confused w/ primary vs. secondary circular reactions - piaget)
