NURS 3220- Final Exam Guide - Comprehensive Notes for the exam ( 92 pages long!)
Document Summary
Definition: complex phenomena of, sensory experiences, emotion, cognition, motivation, subjective, whatever, and whenever the individual says it is (patient specific) Perception of pain: conscious awareness of pain, reticular formation, and limbic systems, result of many factors, cultural, male, female, current expectations. Life experience of past pain: sensory discrimative, affective motivational, presence, character, location, intensity, conditioned avoidance, emotional responses, cognitive evaluative, modulate response to pain in the cerebral cortex. Neuromodulators: substances that, stimulate pain nociceptors, suppress pain, some substances excite peripheral nerves, but inhibit central nerves, endogenous opioids, enkephalins, endorphins, dynorphins, and endomorphins. Inhibit pain transmission (interrupt the pain process in central cortex and hypothalamus to lessen the pain: present in varying concentrations in neurons of brain, spinal cord, and gi tract. Excitatory neuromodulators: sensitize nociceptors of pns and cns by. Increased responsiveness: decreasing the threshold, examples, histamine, substance p, glutamate. Inhibitory neuromodulators: reverse the process, decreases the rate of firing, examples, serotonin, norepinephrine, endorphins, gaba.
