RG ST 3 Study Guide - Final Guide: Platform Sutra, Pratyekabuddha, Śūnyatā
BUDDHISM
Theravada
Early Buddhism
○
School of elders (Hinayana lesser vehicle)
○
Monastic emphasis - quickest way to achieve nirvana
○
Buddha seen in human terms
○
•
Lotus Sutra
The foundational text and core of Tintai Buddhism
○
Chanting the text brought out its magical power
○
Taught that everyone could attain Buddha-hood if they followed the One
Vehicle (Buddha-Vehicle)
○
•
Jingtu/jodo (Chinese name/Japanese name)
"pure land"
○
Form of Buddhism more popular in China
○
Adopted the practice of nianfo, "recollecting" the name of the Buddha
○
•
Buddha-nature (tathagatagarbha)
True nature and inherent potential to be a buddha
○
Everyone is a buddha as their true identity
○
All being possess it innately
○
•
Zazen/zuochan
"seated zen meditation"
○
•
Shikantaza
Japanese translation of Chinese term for "Zazen" - sitting meditation
○
"silent illumination"
○
•
Dharmakara
Monk who vowed to establish a pure land (blissful Sukhavati)
○
He vowed that any being who sincerely wishes to be born in his pure and
will do so if:
They meditate on it ten times
§
They desire enlightenment, live morally, and vow to be reborn there
§
They meditate on the pure land, practice virtue, and dedicate their
merit
§
○
Believed that everyone would either become and arhat or bodhisattva
○
•
Arhat
Someone who attains nirvana
○
•
Linji/Rinzai
Linji = Chinese Term
Linji School of Chan Buddhism
§
Founded by Linji
§
○
Rinzai = Japanese Term
Rinzai School/Sect of Zen Buddhism
§
Founded by Monk Eisai
§
○
•
Huayan/Kegon
Huayan = Chinese, Kegon = Japanese
○
School of Chinese Buddhism rooted in tradition of Mahayana Buddhism
○
Buddha's profound understanding of ultimate reality
○
•
Bodhisattva
Someone who will eventually become a Buddha (striving for buddha-
hood, NOT enlightenment)
○
Enlightenment-being
○
•
Huineng
Sixth patriarch/ancestor of Chan
○
Lacked formal training
○
Taught "sudden enlightenment" - the immediate and direct attainment
○
"no-thought" - pure and unattached mind
○
•
Shunyata
Emptiness
○
All things are "empty" of concrete or substantial essence -- related to
meditation and metaphysics
○
•
Shinran
Disciple of Honen who emphasized the nembutsu
○
Led two major innovations in Japanese Pure Land Buddhism
Instituted the practice of married clergy
Not necessary for monks to be celibate anymore□
§
Only a single nembutsu is sufficient to be born in pure land
Salvation comes with chanting once, nothing else necessary□
§
○
•
Dharmakaya
1/3 Buddha apparition bodies
○
Truth body
Embodies the principle of enlightenment with no limits
§
Truth of everything at all times without physical limitations
§
○
Can appear to people as visions
○
•
Mofa/mappo
Mofa = Chinese
○
Mappo = Japanese
○
Degenerate Third Age of Buddhism/Dharma
○
•
"one vehicle" (eka-yana)
One of the core teachings of the Lotus Sutra
○
One vehicle gets you to enlightenment, regardless of who you are of what
you've done
○
All vehicles are the same but have different names
○
"Buddha Vehicle" is the one vehicle
○
•
Zhiyi
Founder of the Lotus School in Tintai Buddhism
○
•
Pure Land
Nianfo - Chanting Amitabha's name will allow for salvation by the Buddha
○
Emphasis on dedication, devotion, and personal worship
○
Relaxing and simplifying of the work necessary to achieve salvation
○
•
Hinayana
"inferior vehicle"
○
strict on monastic rules, cultic practices, and metaphysical doctrine
○
•
Tiantai (Tendai)
Chinese for Japanese Tendai Buddhism
○
School of Buddhism that simplified the vows for monastic life
○
Focus on the Lotus Sutra
○
Founded by Saicho
○
•
Nichiren
Founded Nichiren Buddhism and the Lotus Sutra School
○
Taught that just chanting the name of the Lotus Sutra was satisfactory,
you don't even have to read or understand it
○
Nichiren taught people who weren't seen as worthy of being preached to
(e.g. prostitutes)
○
Belief that the Lotus Sutra had the most healing power and could cure
anything
○
Calls for the establishment of a Buddhocracy
○
•
Dogen
Started as a Tendai monk, then founded the Soto School of Zen
○
•
Koan/gongan
Puzzle/question used during Zen meditation to try and uncover deeper
truths of the world
○
Purpose: trying to get the individual to escape thinking and the
constraints of rationality
○
•
Bodhidharma
Founder of Chan/Zen, meditation master from South India
○
His form of meditation was "wall gazing"
○
Belief in "sudden enlightenment", in which meditation was steep and led
to direct enlightenment
○
•
Tendai
Form of Buddhism founded by Saicho in Japan
○
Focus on simplifying vows for monastic life
○
•
Tariki
"other power" as opposed to "self-power" in reference to salvation,
grace, and effort
○
Only other power can grant salvation, not self
○
•
Flower Sermon
Story of the origin of Zen Buddhism
○
Buddha just held up a lotus flower which immediately enlightened his
disciple Mahakashyapa
○
•
Dhyana
Meditation
○
Stable zen meditative trance
○
•
Sambhogakaya
1/3 Buddha Apparition Bodies
○
The enjoyment/bliss body
○
Body that is more like energy manifesting in dreams and meditation
Not a physical body, but made of light
§
○
•
Guanyin/Kannon
Bodhisattva of compassion (Mahayana Goddess)
○
•
Buddha-vehicle (Buddha-yana)
Everyone will eventually attain Buddha-hood
○
The "One Vehicle" central to the Lotus Sutra
○
•
Chan/Zen
Fusion of Indian Buddhism with Chinese culture - when Buddhism first
came to China
○
Emphasis on meditation - sitting and contemplation
○
Rooted in Mahayana scriptures and concepts
○
•
Mahayana
"Great Vehicle" - larger vehicle meant to carry ALL beings to
enlightenment
○
Mahayana cosmology = new
3 Buddha Bodies
§
○
•
Amitabha/Amituofo/Amida
Chinese/Japanese names and forms of the Buddha
○
Very giving in grace and salvation
○
Nianfo is the practice of chanting/worshipping the name
○
•
Saicho
Monk who traveled to china, studied, and returned to found his version of
Tendai school in Japan
○
Established a course of study: 12 years of study for monks
○
Established Mt. Hiei Buddhist Learning Center (very prominent)
○
•
Nianfo/nembutsu
Faith and recitation of Amitabha's name
○
A way to worship faithfully for laypeople
○
Nembutsu = Japanese
○
•
Mahakashyapa
The disciple the Buddha enlightened during the Flower Sermon
○
•
Caodong/Soto
School of Zen Buddhism founded by Dogen
○
•
Shingon
Esoteric school of Buddhism (Zhenyan, "True Word")
○
•
Jiriki
Self power
○
•
Platform Sutra
Sixth Patriarch scripture
○
Unity of meditation and wisdom
○
Refers to the podium of the Buddha
○
•
Honen
Japanese monk who went to China and returned to Japan to spread the
pure Land School
○
Taught that only nembutsu was important for salvation - not meditation
or merit; no effort, just chant the name
○
Believed in everyone's salvation, regardless of who they were
○
•
Tri-kaya
Three bodies of the Buddha
Truth body - dharmakaya
§
Enjoyment/bliss body - sambhogakāya
§
Emanation body - nirmanakaya
§
○
•
Nirmanakaya
Emanation body
○
The real, living, breathing and walking Buddha body
○
•
"other-power"
Tariki
○
•
"self-power"
Jiriki
○
•
Parable of the "Burning House"
Rich man with many children playing, trying to get them out of the
burning house, father tells little lies to them saying that there are multiple
chariots to get them out of the house, they leave and see that there is
only one golden chariot ---- symbolic of the "one vehicle"
○
The rich man is the Buddha
○
The children in the house represent all beings that can reach
enlightenment
○
The burning house is representative of samsara
○
The three different chariots/vehicles are:
Shravaka: Hearing Buddhas, learning by hearing Buddhas teach
§
Pratyekabuddha: Solo practicing buddhas
§
Bodhisattvas
§
○
The one vehicle/chariot is that everyone will become a Buddha regardless
of who they are
○
•
Buddhism study guide
Wednesday, June 27, 2018
3:00 PM
BUDDHISM
Theravada
Early Buddhism
○
School of elders (Hinayana lesser vehicle)
○
Monastic emphasis - quickest way to achieve nirvana
○
Buddha seen in human terms
○
•
Lotus Sutra
The foundational text and core of Tintai Buddhism
○
Chanting the text brought out its magical power
○
Taught that everyone could attain Buddha-hood if they followed the One
Vehicle (Buddha-Vehicle)
○
•
Jingtu/jodo (Chinese name/Japanese name)
"pure land"
○
Form of Buddhism more popular in China
○
Adopted the practice of nianfo, "recollecting" the name of the Buddha
○
•
Buddha-nature (tathagatagarbha)
True nature and inherent potential to be a buddha
○
Everyone is a buddha as their true identity
○
All being possess it innately
○
•
Zazen/zuochan
"seated zen meditation"
○
•
Shikantaza
Japanese translation of Chinese term for "Zazen" - sitting meditation
○
"silent illumination"
○
•
Dharmakara
Monk who vowed to establish a pure land (blissful Sukhavati)
○
He vowed that any being who sincerely wishes to be born in his pure and
will do so if:
They meditate on it ten times
§
They desire enlightenment, live morally, and vow to be reborn there
§
They meditate on the pure land, practice virtue, and dedicate their
merit
§
○
Believed that everyone would either become and arhat or bodhisattva
○
•
Arhat
Someone who attains nirvana
○
•
Linji/Rinzai
Linji = Chinese Term
Linji School of Chan Buddhism
§
Founded by Linji
§
○
Rinzai = Japanese Term
Rinzai School/Sect of Zen Buddhism
§
Founded by Monk Eisai
§
○
•
Huayan/Kegon
Huayan = Chinese, Kegon = Japanese
○
School of Chinese Buddhism rooted in tradition of Mahayana Buddhism
○
Buddha's profound understanding of ultimate reality
○
•
Bodhisattva
Someone who will eventually become a Buddha (striving for buddha-
hood, NOT enlightenment)
○
Enlightenment-being
○
•
Huineng
Sixth patriarch/ancestor of Chan
○
Lacked formal training
○
Taught "sudden enlightenment" - the immediate and direct attainment
○
"no-thought" - pure and unattached mind
○
•
Shunyata
Emptiness
○
All things are "empty" of concrete or substantial essence -- related to
meditation and metaphysics
○
•
Shinran
Disciple of Honen who emphasized the nembutsu
○
Led two major innovations in Japanese Pure Land Buddhism
Instituted the practice of married clergy
Not necessary for monks to be celibate anymore
□
§
Only a single nembutsu is sufficient to be born in pure land
Salvation comes with chanting once, nothing else necessary
□
§
○
•
Dharmakaya
1/3 Buddha apparition bodies
○
Truth body
Embodies the principle of enlightenment with no limits
§
Truth of everything at all times without physical limitations
§
○
Can appear to people as visions
○
•
Mofa/mappo
Mofa = Chinese
○
Mappo = Japanese
○
Degenerate Third Age of Buddhism/Dharma
○
•
"one vehicle" (eka-yana)
One of the core teachings of the Lotus Sutra
○
One vehicle gets you to enlightenment, regardless of who you are of what
you've done
○
All vehicles are the same but have different names
○
"Buddha Vehicle" is the one vehicle
○
•
Zhiyi
Founder of the Lotus School in Tintai Buddhism
○
•
Pure Land
Nianfo - Chanting Amitabha's name will allow for salvation by the Buddha
○
Emphasis on dedication, devotion, and personal worship
○
Relaxing and simplifying of the work necessary to achieve salvation
○
•
Hinayana
"inferior vehicle"
○
strict on monastic rules, cultic practices, and metaphysical doctrine
○
•
Tiantai (Tendai)
Chinese for Japanese Tendai Buddhism
○
School of Buddhism that simplified the vows for monastic life
○
Focus on the Lotus Sutra
○
Founded by Saicho
○
•
Nichiren
Founded Nichiren Buddhism and the Lotus Sutra School
○
Taught that just chanting the name of the Lotus Sutra was satisfactory,
you don't even have to read or understand it
○
Nichiren taught people who weren't seen as worthy of being preached to
(e.g. prostitutes)
○
Belief that the Lotus Sutra had the most healing power and could cure
anything
○
Calls for the establishment of a Buddhocracy
○
•
Dogen
Started as a Tendai monk, then founded the Soto School of Zen
○
•
Koan/gongan
Puzzle/question used during Zen meditation to try and uncover deeper
truths of the world
○
Purpose: trying to get the individual to escape thinking and the
constraints of rationality
○
•
Bodhidharma
Founder of Chan/Zen, meditation master from South India
○
His form of meditation was "wall gazing"
○
Belief in "sudden enlightenment", in which meditation was steep and led
to direct enlightenment
○
•
Tendai
Form of Buddhism founded by Saicho in Japan
○
Focus on simplifying vows for monastic life
○
•
Tariki
"other power" as opposed to "self-power" in reference to salvation,
grace, and effort
○
Only other power can grant salvation, not self
○
•
Flower Sermon
Story of the origin of Zen Buddhism
○
Buddha just held up a lotus flower which immediately enlightened his
disciple Mahakashyapa
○
•
Dhyana
Meditation
○
Stable zen meditative trance
○
•
Sambhogakaya
1/3 Buddha Apparition Bodies
○
The enjoyment/bliss body
○
Body that is more like energy manifesting in dreams and meditation
Not a physical body, but made of light
§
○
•
Guanyin/Kannon
Bodhisattva of compassion (Mahayana Goddess)
○
•
Buddha-vehicle (Buddha-yana)
Everyone will eventually attain Buddha-hood
○
The "One Vehicle" central to the Lotus Sutra
○
•
Chan/Zen
Fusion of Indian Buddhism with Chinese culture - when Buddhism first
came to China
○
Emphasis on meditation - sitting and contemplation
○
Rooted in Mahayana scriptures and concepts
○
•
Mahayana
"Great Vehicle" - larger vehicle meant to carry ALL beings to
enlightenment
○
Mahayana cosmology = new
3 Buddha Bodies
§
○
•
Amitabha/Amituofo/Amida
Chinese/Japanese names and forms of the Buddha
○
Very giving in grace and salvation
○
Nianfo is the practice of chanting/worshipping the name
○
•
Saicho
Monk who traveled to china, studied, and returned to found his version of
Tendai school in Japan
○
Established a course of study: 12 years of study for monks
○
Established Mt. Hiei Buddhist Learning Center (very prominent)
○
•
Nianfo/nembutsu
Faith and recitation of Amitabha's name
○
A way to worship faithfully for laypeople
○
Nembutsu = Japanese
○
•
Mahakashyapa
The disciple the Buddha enlightened during the Flower Sermon
○
•
Caodong/Soto
School of Zen Buddhism founded by Dogen
○
•
Shingon
Esoteric school of Buddhism (Zhenyan, "True Word")
○
•
Jiriki
Self power
○
•
Platform Sutra
Sixth Patriarch scripture
○
Unity of meditation and wisdom
○
Refers to the podium of the Buddha
○
•
Honen
Japanese monk who went to China and returned to Japan to spread the
pure Land School
○
Taught that only nembutsu was important for salvation - not meditation
or merit; no effort, just chant the name
○
Believed in everyone's salvation, regardless of who they were
○
•
Tri-kaya
Three bodies of the Buddha
Truth body - dharmakaya
§
Enjoyment/bliss body - sambhogakāya
§
Emanation body - nirmanakaya
§
○
•
Nirmanakaya
Emanation body
○
The real, living, breathing and walking Buddha body
○
•
"other-power"
Tariki
○
•
"self-power"
Jiriki
○
•
Parable of the "Burning House"
Rich man with many children playing, trying to get them out of the
burning house, father tells little lies to them saying that there are multiple
chariots to get them out of the house, they leave and see that there is
only one golden chariot ---- symbolic of the "one vehicle"
○
The rich man is the Buddha
○
The children in the house represent all beings that can reach
enlightenment
○
The burning house is representative of samsara
○
The three different chariots/vehicles are:
Shravaka: Hearing Buddhas, learning by hearing Buddhas teach
§
Pratyekabuddha: Solo practicing buddhas
§
Bodhisattvas
§
○
The one vehicle/chariot is that everyone will become a Buddha regardless
of who they are
○
•
Buddhism study guide
Wednesday, June 27, 2018 3:00 PM
Document Summary
Monastic emphasis - quickest way to achieve nirvana. The foundational text and core of tintai buddhism. Chanting the text brought out its magical power. Taught that everyone could attain buddha-hood if they followed the one. Adopted the practice of nianfo, recollecting the name of the buddha. True nature and inherent potential to be a buddha. Everyone is a buddha as their true identity. Japanese translation of chinese term for zazen - sitting meditation. Monk who vowed to establish a pure land (blissful sukhavati) He vowed that any being who sincerely wishes to be born in his pure and will do so if: They desire enlightenment, live morally, and vow to be reborn there. They meditate on the pure land, practice virtue, and dedicate their. They meditate on the pure land, practice virtue, and dedicate their merit. Believed that everyone would either become and arhat or bodhisattva. School of chinese buddhism rooted in tradition of mahayana buddhism.
